Axis is a feature of handwritten spirals in essential tremor

Louis, Elan D.; Yu, Qiping; Floyd, A; Moskowitz, Carol; Pullman, Seth L.

doi:10.1002/mds.20915

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Studies in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease have reported the use of digitised spiral drawing for quantifying tremor (Elble et al, 1996;Pullman, 1998;Louis et al, 2006). Digitised drawing recording is an objective measurement method providing both temporal and spatial information and also allowing spectral analysis which generates a tremor frequency value that is not measurable by clinical inspection of paper-based writing and drawing (Elble et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitised spirography as an evaluation tool for intention tremor in multiple sclerosis

Feys

Helsen

Prinsmel

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitised spirography as an evaluation tool for intention tremor in multiple sclerosis

Feys

Helsen

Prinsmel

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…Spiral data are collected in the x, y, and pressure axes providing virtual "tri-axial" recordings. [10][11][12] Spiral analysis thus may be used an objective method of evaluating PD severity, extracting detailed motor features from the standard clinical spiral drawing task. An…”

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confidence: 99%

Validity of spiral analysis in early Parkinson's disease

et al. 2007

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Spiral analysis is an objective, easy to administer noninvasive test that has been proposed to measure motor dysfunction in Parkinson disease (PD). We compared overall Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III scores to selected indices derived from spiral analysis in seventy-four patients with early PD (mean duration of disease 2.4 +/- 1.7 years, mean age 61.5 +/- 9.7 years). Of the spiral indices, degree of severity, first order zero crossing, second order smoothness, and mean speed were best correlated with total motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score (all P < 0.01), and these indices showed a gradient across worsening tertiles of UPDRS (P < 0.05). Spiral indices also correlated with UPDRS ratings for the worst side and worst arm scores as well. The domains of bradykinesia, rigidity, and action tremor were correlated with first order crossing, second order smoothness, and mean speed, where as rest tremor was most highly correlated with degree of severity. This suggests that the spiral analysis may supplement motor assessment in PD, although further analysis of spiral metrics, a larger sample and longitudinal data should be evaluated.

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“…While highly successful in quantifying aspects of upper limb motor control (Elble et al, 1990;Louis et al, 2006) and in diagnosing and detecting early changes in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (Saunders-Pullman et al, 2008), defining the center of a drawn spiral can be problematic. In this report, we improve on the detection of the center of the Archimedean spiral based on regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Handwriting or drawing can be used to study physiologic issues in normal controls (NCs) and in patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia (DY) (Elble et al, 1990(Elble et al, , 1996Forsyth and Ponce, 2003;Hogg et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2005;Louis et al, 2006;Siebner et al, 1999). The most commonly measured parameters relate to the kinematics and dynamics of writing and drawing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%