Axin2-lineage cells contribute to neonatal tendon regeneration

Pancreatic stellate cell‐derived exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ promotes proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer through AXIN2

“…33 AXIN2, a negative inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, regulates the phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin, thus promoting the overexpression of target genes, affecting cell proliferation and differentiation, and promoting the occurrence of tumours. [34][35][36] In this study, we showed that tRF…”

“…AXIN2 is a homologous protein of the Axin family and has a high degree of structural and functional similarity with AXIN 33 . AXIN2, a negative inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, regulates the phosphorylation and degradation of β‐catenin, thus promoting the overexpression of target genes, affecting cell proliferation and differentiation, and promoting the occurrence of tumours 34–36 . In this study, we showed that tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ bound to AXIN2 and that overexpression of this receptor activated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by decreasing AXIN2 expression.…”

Epitenon-derived cells comprise a distinct progenitor population that contributes to both tendon fibrosis and regeneration following acute injury

“…Surprisingly, in addition to being a source of pro-fibrotic cells during healing, GLAST Ai9 epitenon-derived cells also underwent tenogenesis in the organized bridging tissue post-injury, indicating that the epitenon serves as a niche for a bi-fated progenitor cell population. Previous studies have identified a number of adult tenogenic progenitor cell populations derived from various parts of the tendon that participate in tendon healing, including those derived from the tendon sheath/paratenon ( αSMA+ 27 , Tppp3+ 33 , and Bglap+ 34 ) and parenchyma ( Axin2+ 35, 36 , Scx+ 20, 37 ). The degree to which these populations are specific to different compartments varies across tendons: for example, Tppp3 is a sheath/paratenon-specific marker in the patellar tendon but not in the Achilles 35, 38 or FDL tendons (data not shown).…”

Current and emerging technologies for defining and validating tendon cell fate

“…98 In neonatal mice, Axin2-labeled cells were identified in both fascicle-residing tenocytes and epitenon cells; lineage tracing further showed a contribution of Axin2-labeled cells to neonatal tendon healing of the Achilles tendon after transection. 99 In the adult, Axin2-lineage cells were major contributors to Achilles tendon healing after biopsy punch injury. 29 Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that Axin2 + cells were found in a mid-body tenocyte cell cluster and expressed Wnt ligands in addition to intracellular Wnt pathway components, suggesting the possibility of self-regulation.…”

“…Axin2 ‐labeled cells were first examined in the context of enthesis healing in mice and were found to expand upon full but not partial enthesis injury model 98 . In neonatal mice, Axin2 ‐labeled cells were identified in both fascicle‐residing tenocytes and epitenon cells; lineage tracing further showed a contribution of Axin2‐labeled cells to neonatal tendon healing of the Achilles tendon after transection 99 . In the adult, Axin2 ‐lineage cells were major contributors to Achilles tendon healing after biopsy punch injury 29 .…”