Axillary meristem development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Grbić, Vojislava; Bleecker, Anthony B.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00670.x

Cited by 127 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Bud outgrowth at upper nodes in pea often occurs at the onset of flowering and may also be, directly or indirectly, under photoperiod control. Although the formation of branches in Arabidopsis is somewhat constrained until the floral transition, this species shows similar photoperiod responses in the node of axillary bud initiation and development to those observed for branching in pea (Grbić and Bleecker, 2000;Stirnberg et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 67%

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Axillary Meristem Development. Budding Relationships between Networks Controlling Flowering, Branching, and Photoperiod Responsiveness

et al. 2003

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confidence: 67%

“…The nodes at which axillary meristems and/or branches occur along the stem are influenced by photoperiod in pea (Arumingtyas et al, 1992;Napoli et al, 1999) and Arabidopsis (Grbić and Bleecker, 2000;Stirnberg et al, 2002). The formation of basal branches in pea is enhanced under short photoperiods (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Axillary Meristem Development. Budding Relationships between Networks Controlling Flowering, Branching, and Photoperiod Responsiveness

et al. 2003

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“…Then, the OSH1 mRNA reappears in cells in the axil of the bract primordium, and these cells will develop to form the axillary meristem. Whether these cell are initiated de novo from differentiated cells (de novo initiation model) or derived from a portion of the primary SAM (detached meristem model) is still a matter of discussion (1,23,24). Once a new meristem is initiated, OSH1 expression reappears.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LAX and SPA : Major regulators of shoot branching in rice

Komatsu

Maekawa

Ujiie

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

358

340

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The aerial architecture of plants is determined primarily by the pattern of shoot branching. Although shoot apical meristem initiation during embryogenesis has been extensively studied by molecular genetic approaches using Arabidopsis, little is known about the genetic mechanisms controlling axillary meristem initiation, mainly because of the insufficient number of mutants that specifically alter it. We identified the LAX PANICLE (LAX) and SMALL PANICLE (SPA) genes as the main regulators of axillary meristem formation in rice. LAX encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and is expressed in the boundary between the shoot apical meristem and the region of new meristem formation. This pattern of LAX expression was repeatedly observed in every axillary meristem, consistent with our observation that LAX is involved in the formation of all types of axillary meristems throughout the ontogeny of a rice plant. Ectopic LAX expression in rice caused pleiotropic effects, including dwarfing, an altered pattern of stem elongation, darker color, bending of the lamina joint, absence of the midribs of leaves, and severe sterility. O rganogenesis occurs in plants throughout their lifetimes. The main axis of growth is determined by the production of two meristems: a primary shoot apical meristem (SAM) and a root meristem at embryogenesis. During postembryonic development, plants initiate a multitude of growth axes by forming new meristems called axillary meristems, which are generated in the axils of leaves and give rise to branch shoots and flowers (1). Therefore, the pattern of axillary meristem initiation and development is a key factor in determining plant architecture. Significant progress has been made on the molecular genetic analysis of SAM initiation during embryo development; however, little is known about the initiation of axillary meristems.The development of an axillary meristem is controlled by two distinctive steps, namely, the initiation of a new meristem in the axil of a leaf and its outgrowth. Mutations that exhibit an altered pattern of axillary bud outgrowth have been described for various plant species (1), e.g., Arabidopsis auxin resistant1 (2), supershoot (3), max1, and max2 (4) and maize teosinte branched (5). On the other hand, there are only a few mutants in which the axillary meristem initiation is specifically altered. Maize barren inflorescence 2 (bif2) (6) and barren stalk1 (ba1) (7), Arabidopsis revoluta (rev) (8, 9), tomato lateral suppressor (ls) (10) and lateral suppressor of Arabidopsis (las), its cognate ortholog in Arabidopsis (11), tomato blind (bl) (12), and rice lax panicle (lax) (13) and monoculm 1(moc1) (14) are categorized in this class of mutants. The bif2 and ba1 exhibit severe suppression of all types of axillary meristems, implying that they are involved in genetic pathways controlling the general steps of axillary meristem initiation. Similarly, defects are observed in all types of lateral branches in tomato bl and Arabidopsis rev; however, the expressivity of their mut...

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“…Unlike previously examined species, the majority of the secondary nodes in Arabidopsis lie in a rosette, with only a minority of the nodes being accessible for study on the primary inflorescence (the cauline nodes). When grown in long days, Arabidopsis exhibits only weak suppression of branching with respect to the cauline nodes, with bud release occurring soon after floral transition and inflorescence elongation in a basipetal progression (Hempel and Feldman, 1994;Cline, 1996;Stirnberg et al, 1999;Grbic and Bleecker, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Acts in Xylem-Associated or Medullary Cells to Mediate Apical Dominance

2003

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A role for auxin in the regulation of shoot branching was described originally in the Thimann and Skoog model, which proposes that apically derived auxin is transported basipetally directly into the axillary buds, where it inhibits their growth. Subsequent observations in several species have shown that auxin does not enter axillary buds directly. We have found similar results in Arabidopsis. Grafting studies indicated that auxin acts in the aerial tissue; hence, the principal site of auxin action is the shoot. To delineate the site of auxin action, the wild-type AXR1 coding sequence, which is required for normal auxin sensitivity, was expressed under the control of several tissue-specific promoters in the auxin-resistant, highly branched axr1-12 mutant background. AXR1 expression in the xylem and interfascicular schlerenchyma was found to restore the mutant branching to wild-type levels in both intact plants and isolated nodes, whereas expression in the phloem did not. Therefore, apically derived auxin can suppress branching by acting in the xylem and interfascicular schlerenchyma, or in a subset of these cells.

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Axillary meristem development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 127 publications

References 49 publications

Axillary Meristem Development. Budding Relationships between Networks Controlling Flowering, Branching, and Photoperiod Responsiveness

Axillary Meristem Development. Budding Relationships between Networks Controlling Flowering, Branching, and Photoperiod Responsiveness

LAX and SPA : Major regulators of shoot branching in rice

Auxin Acts in Xylem-Associated or Medullary Cells to Mediate Apical Dominance

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