Axial osteomalacia: Report of a new case with selective increase in axial bone mineral density

Bone histomorphometry in the evaluation of osteomalacia

“…2 A & B, for instance) obfuscates the original descriptions of the condition with its characteristic clinical, radiographic, scintigraphic, and histologic features. Furthermore, excess osteoid accumulation (surface or volume) can occur in several conditions: states of high bone turnover (primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism) ( Silverberg et al, 1989 ; Rao et al, 1993 ; Mosekilde and Melsen, 1978 ; Moore et al, 2009 ), enzyme defects (hypophosphatasia) ( Whyte, 2016 ; Belkhouribchia et al, 2016 ), matrix disorders (fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium ( Ralphs et al, 1989 ), Paget's disease of bone ( Singer, 2016 ), and axial osteomalacia ( Demiaux-Domenech et al, 1996 ). In fact, such assumptions have led to the use of large doses of vitamin D to treat some of these disorders in the past!…”

“…In contrast to the generalized osteomalacia caused by adefovir and tenofovir, focal and atypical osteomalacia (FOM and AOM in Figures) are distinct histologic entities seen in patients with an underlying metabolic bone disease for which the drugs are given ( Lundy et al, 1995 ; Kiely et al, 1999 ; Thomas et al, 1995 ; Takebayashi et al, 2000 ; Demiaux-Domenech et al, 1996 ; Hoppe et al, 2012 ). Aluminum-related osteomalacia is also generalized, like vitamin D and phosphate deficiency osteomalcia, and is associated with deposition of aluminum at the osteoid-mineralized bone interface ( Parfitt et al, 1986 ).…”