Axial cervical vertebrae‐based multivariate regression model for the estimation of skeletal‐maturation status

Yang, Yeon-Mi; Lee, J.; Kim, Y.-I.; Cho, B.-H.; Park, S.-B.

doi:10.1111/ocr.12045

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…And given that orthodontic treatment planning is usually based on two-or threedimensional images such as lateral cephalograms or 3D images (CBCT or CT), statistical shape analysis can be flexibly employed, not only in radiographic image diagnosis but also in orthodontic treatment planning. Yang et al 8 introduced the applicability of statistical shape analysis from the ACV image for the determination of skeletal maturation status. Among the SMIs, the ACVM method was the first to find the relation between the axial shape of cervical vertebrae and skeletal maturation status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered four regions of interest (ROIs; C1, C2, C3 and C4) for statistical shape analysis, according to the previous studies. 7,8 With the landmarks from these four ROIs, generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were carried out for shape and form, yielding principal component (PC) scores of each region of interest, with the centroid size (CS) as the size factor. These meaningful PC scores could then be used for multiple regression models of the Sempe's MI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The axial CT images of the ACV shapes were produced with the same software. ACV images were obtained by the following steps: 8 (1) For the first cervical vertebrae (C1), the most anterior and posterior points were used to generate the anteroposterior axis. Once the anteroposterior axis was set, the vertical axis was adjusted to pass through the midpoint.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang et al 8 showed possible applications for axial cervical vertebral (ACV) images for the quantitative estimation of skeletal maturation in Korean individuals. In this study, investigators applied a new approach to the use of statistical shape analysis and ACV images that differed from previous studies with lateral cervical images in Japanese individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, investigators applied a new approach to the use of statistical shape analysis and ACV images that differed from previous studies with lateral cervical images in Japanese individuals. 6,8,18 Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the application of a newly developed ACV maturation (ACVM) method in a Japanese population and to identify a regression model with a better prediction interval (PI). The specific aims of this study were to use statistical shape analysis to measure ACV shape, quantitatively and simultaneously, to build an estimation regression model for ossification levels in Japanese individuals and to compare the PIs with age and other variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The skeletal maturation status estimated by statistical shape analysis: axial images of Japanese cervical vertebra

Yi²,

Choi³

et al. 2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To evaluate axial cervical vertebral (ACV) shape quantitatively and to build a prediction model for skeletal maturation level using statistical shape analysis for Japanese individuals. Methods: The sample included 24 female and 19 male patients with hand-wrist radiographs and CBCT images. Through generalized Procrustes analysis and principal components (PCs) analysis, the meaningful PCs were extracted from each ACV shape and analysed for the estimation regression model. Results: Each ACV shape had meaningful PCs, except for the second axial cervical vertebra. Based on these models, the smallest prediction intervals (PIs) were from the combination of the shape space PCs, age and gender. Overall, the PIs of the male group were smaller than those of the female group. There was no significant correlation between centroid size as a size factor and skeletal maturation level. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the ACV maturation method, which was applied by statistical shape analysis, could confirm information about skeletal maturation in Japanese individuals as an available quantifier of skeletal maturation and could be as useful a quantitative method as the skeletal maturation index.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The skeletal maturation status estimated by statistical shape analysis: axial images of Japanese cervical vertebra

Yi²,

Choi³

et al. 2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

Miller

Hwang

Cotter³

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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Cervical vertebral bodies undergo substantial morphological development during the first two decades of life that are used clinically to visually determine skeletal maturation with the cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI). CVMI defines six stages that capture the morphological transformations from 6 years to 18 years. However, CVMI has poor reproducibility given its qualitative nature and does not account for sexual dimorphism. This study aims to quantify the morphological development of the cervical vertebral bodies C2–C7 in size (height and depth) and shape and examine the emergence of sexual dimorphism. Using 115 (70 M;45F) computed tomography studies from typically developing individuals ages 6 months to 20 years, landmarks were placed at the margins of the C2–C7 cervical vertebral bodies in the midsagittal plane for size and shape analysis. Findings revealed a dichotomy in the growth trends of height versus depth. The C2–C7 growth in depth gained the majority of the adult size by age 5 years, while the C3–C7 growth in height displayed two periods of accelerated growth during early childhood and puberty. Significant sex differences were found in height and depth growth trends and the form‐space ontogenetic trajectories during puberty, with minor but evident differences emerging at age 3 years. Female C2–C7 depth measures were smaller than males at all ages. However, sex differences in height became evident due to males continuing to grow after females reach maturity. Findings quantify the morphological developmental stages of CVMI and emphasize the need to account for sex differences when assessing skeletal maturation.

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Quantitative skeletal maturation estimation using cone-beam computed tomography-generated cervical vertebral images: a pilot study in 5- to 18-year-old Japanese children

et al. 2015

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Axial cervical vertebrae‐based multivariate regression model for the estimation of skeletal‐maturation status

Abstract: The simplest possible ACV morphometric information provided a statistically significant explanation of the portion of skeletal-maturation variability not dependent on chronological age. These results verify that ACV is a strong biological indicator of ossification status.

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

The skeletal maturation status estimated by statistical shape analysis: axial images of Japanese cervical vertebra

The skeletal maturation status estimated by statistical shape analysis: axial images of Japanese cervical vertebra

Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

Quantitative skeletal maturation estimation using cone-beam computed tomography-generated cervical vertebral images: a pilot study in 5- to 18-year-old Japanese children

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