Awareness of the Risks of Tanning Lamps Does Not Influence Behavior Among College Students

Knight, Joshua M.; Kirincich, Anna N.; Farmer, Evan R.; Hood, Antoinette F.

doi:10.1001/archderm.138.10.1311

Cited by 131 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Social encouragement to quit was also mentioned as a frequent motivator of cessation; this support could be serving as "cues to action" in those who were considering quitting. This finding is consistent with literature showing that those who use indoor tanning facilities are relatively welleducated concerning the health risks and skinrelated harms of this behavior [35,36]. Stapleton and colleagues [20] used latent profile analysis to examine participant responses on appearance-enhancement beliefs, normative beliefs, relaxation beliefs, appearance-damage knowledge, and healthdamage knowledge to create profiles of four subgroups of tanners: knowledgeable-appearance tanners, low-knowledge tanners, low-knowledge, relaxation tanners, and knowledgeable, low-appearance and low-relaxation tanners.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

Banerjee

Hay

Geller

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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This study examined health belief model (HBM) relevant constructs in the context of indoor tanning cessation. Telephone interviews were conducted between December 2011 and April 2012 with participants drawn from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) population, specifically, former tanning bed users (N=14, all females; mean age, 25.65 years) who reported frequent use in 2007, but had quit by 2010. Participants identified important motivations for quitting including health and financial reasons and the central role of family and friends in providing encouragement for indoor tanning cessation. However, participants also noted substantial barriers to maintaining indoor tanning quitting (e.g., social pressures to look good, tanning salon incentives). Participants' experience of withdrawal highlighted psychological factors more often than physical factors; some were open to resuming use in the future. The findings will be useful in intervention development to encourage cessation, the strengthening of policies to regulate the indoor tanning industry, as well as public health messaging to raise awareness of this prevalent, easily accessible cancer risk behavior. KeywordsHealth belief model, Indoor tanning, Tanning cessation, Tanning quitting, Qualitative research Indoor tanning is a strong risk factor for melanoma [2]. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group (IARC) classified ultraviolet (UV)-emitting tanning devices (tanning beds, lamps, and booths) as carcinogenic to humans [3]. Results from recent meta-analysis that included 27 observational studies published within the past 30 years, showed that the risk of cutaneous melanoma was increased by 20 % for ever users of indoor tanning devices with artificial ultraviolet light, and the risk of melanoma was doubled when use started before the age of 35 years [2]. Besides melanoma, indoor tanners are at high risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma) [4], premature aging including loss of skin firmness, solar elastosis, and wrinkles [5, 6], skin burns [7], and eye damage [8,9]. Therefore, even though perceptions that indoor tanning is a safe way to tan are prevalent and predict use [10], there is strong evidence that indoor tanning carries important risks.Despite the health risks associated with indoor tanning, it is a common practice, particularly among Whites, women, and adults aged 18-25 years. Approximately 30 % of white women aged 18-25 report use of indoor tanning facilities in the past 12 months [11]. Increased use has been reported among white women aged 18-21 years (referring to non-Hispanic white women who tanned in the past 12 months), with an average of 27.6 sessions per year. As well, over half (58 %) of white female indoor tanning users, and 40 %

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

Banerjee

Hay

Geller

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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“…Young adult females are the most common users of IT devices [24,25]. Furthermore, melanoma is the most common cancer among young adult females in the USA [26].…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recall of indoor tanning salon warnings and safety guidelines among a national sample of tanners

Day

Coups

Manne

et al. 2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Indoor tanning (IT) is a known carcinogen, and regulation has increased across the USA. However, there is minimal point-of-sale regulation for adult users. The purpose of the present study is to explore whether IT users recall being provided with warnings or safety guidelines at tanning salons. A national sample of 273 young adult, female IT users (mean age = 22.26, SD = 2.38) was surveyed regarding the frequency that they recalled being provided with six different warnings and safety guidelines when at tanning salons. Between 65 and 90.1 % of participants reported recalling the various warnings and guidelines. Having very fair skin was reported by 16.8 % of participants, and these high-risk individuals were less likely to recall having read and signed a consent form than other IT users (p = .002). The current level of regulation is insufficient to provide IT users with consistent warnings and safety guidelines at tanning salons.

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“…Un estudio realizado por Knight et al 3 en 2002 determinó que más del 90 % de los usuarios de camas de bronceado insistían en su práctica por razones estéti-cas, pese a conocer los riesgos del envejecimiento prematuro y el cáncer de piel.…”

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El interés acerca del conocimiento del color de la piel se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas coincidiendo con una mayor sensibilidad social hacia la salud y el estilo de vida activo como símbolo de juventud. Aunque la antropología y la biología dieron los primeros pasos, la dermatología ha tomado el relevo acertadamente.El principal elemento que «da color» a la piel es la melanina: eumelanina, que caracteriza a las pieles oscuras, y feomelanina, propia de las pieles claras. Pero no solo es el tipo de pigmento lo que determina la intensidad de coloración. También lo hacen el número y tamaño de los melanosomas -orgánulos precursores-existentes en melanocitos y queratinocitos, y su grado de melanización, dispersión, transporte y degradación. El color de la piel determinado genéticamente sin influencia de la radiación solar se denomina pigmentación constitutiva, mientras que el modificado por la radiación solar se llama pigmentación facultativa o bronceado.La descripción inicial del color constitutivo de la piel -blanco, negro, marrón, amarillo, rojo-fue sustituida por métodos más objetivos y reproducibles como la escala cromática de Von Luschan (1897), basada en un muestrario de 36 tonalidades con las que comparar la piel de una zona cutánea habitualmente no insolada. La escala de Fitzpatrick o los fototipos cutáneos, con seis definiciones de color basadas en la respuesta a la radiación ultravioleta, sigue en uso desde 1975. La espectrometría de reflectancia -que mide la absorción de una radiación electromagnéti-ca al atravesar la piel-y sus variantes es desde la déca-da de 1950 un exacto método para conocer los matices cutáneos.La blancura de la piel ha sido símbolo de feminidad y belleza durante la mayor parte de la historia de la humanidad, y aún lo es en determinadas culturas. Los referentes artísticos lo atestiguan 1 . Del mismo modo, ha sido atributo de una vida alejada de los

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Awareness of the Risks of Tanning Lamps Does Not Influence Behavior Among College Students

Cited by 131 publications

References 15 publications

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

Recall of indoor tanning salon warnings and safety guidelines among a national sample of tanners

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