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BackgroundAlthough different antiretroviral (ARV) agents’ delivery models have been explored in Nigeria, yet only about 55% and 35% of affected adults and children respectively are currently on these agents. This, therefore, underscores the need for the identification of newer effective antiretroviral therapy delivery models and best strategies to increase access to ARV therapy in Nigeria.Method and AnalysisThe study will be a cluster randomized controlled trial, which will be conducted in two HIV treatment centers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Participants will be randomized into intervention and control arm. Home delivery personnel will be trained to deliver the ARV drugs at 3months intervals to the homes of those in the intervention group while those in the control group (Facility-based services group) will receive ARVs at the HIV treatment hospital. The primary outcome for the trial will be the difference between groups in the proportion with HIV viral load suppression (≤20 copies/mL) by 12 months and then 24months. Secondary outcome include adherence to ARVs, the cost-effectiveness of home delivery service, and patient satisfaction.Ethics and disseminationNnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (NAUTHHREC) approved this study (NAUTH/CS/66/VOL.13/VER III/23/2020/011) with a trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, ID: PACTR202004535536808 on 8th April 2020. Study dissemination plans include holding advocacy meetings with stakeholders in HIV care, publishing study outcomes in an open-access peer-review journal, and presentation of the outcome at an international conference.Strength and Limitations of this studyThis is the first randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of the home delivery model of antiretroviral therapy.The primary outcome in this trial will be measured by assessing the difference between baseline HIV viral load and 12/24 months in both the intervention and control arm.In this study, patients will be assigned to treatment groups and non-treatment groups. This will help us to compare the effect of the home delivery model.In this study, only one state in Nigeria and two HIV/AIDS treatment hospitals in the state will be used to access the impact of the home delivery model. This may not allow for the generalization of the study findings.This study could serve as a pilot to a full-fledged national study to access the effectiveness of the home delivery model.
BackgroundAlthough different antiretroviral (ARV) agents’ delivery models have been explored in Nigeria, yet only about 55% and 35% of affected adults and children respectively are currently on these agents. This, therefore, underscores the need for the identification of newer effective antiretroviral therapy delivery models and best strategies to increase access to ARV therapy in Nigeria.Method and AnalysisThe study will be a cluster randomized controlled trial, which will be conducted in two HIV treatment centers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Participants will be randomized into intervention and control arm. Home delivery personnel will be trained to deliver the ARV drugs at 3months intervals to the homes of those in the intervention group while those in the control group (Facility-based services group) will receive ARVs at the HIV treatment hospital. The primary outcome for the trial will be the difference between groups in the proportion with HIV viral load suppression (≤20 copies/mL) by 12 months and then 24months. Secondary outcome include adherence to ARVs, the cost-effectiveness of home delivery service, and patient satisfaction.Ethics and disseminationNnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (NAUTHHREC) approved this study (NAUTH/CS/66/VOL.13/VER III/23/2020/011) with a trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, ID: PACTR202004535536808 on 8th April 2020. Study dissemination plans include holding advocacy meetings with stakeholders in HIV care, publishing study outcomes in an open-access peer-review journal, and presentation of the outcome at an international conference.Strength and Limitations of this studyThis is the first randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of the home delivery model of antiretroviral therapy.The primary outcome in this trial will be measured by assessing the difference between baseline HIV viral load and 12/24 months in both the intervention and control arm.In this study, patients will be assigned to treatment groups and non-treatment groups. This will help us to compare the effect of the home delivery model.In this study, only one state in Nigeria and two HIV/AIDS treatment hospitals in the state will be used to access the impact of the home delivery model. This may not allow for the generalization of the study findings.This study could serve as a pilot to a full-fledged national study to access the effectiveness of the home delivery model.
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity often overlooked. Much of the population risk of CVD is attributable to modifiable risk factors, and the gaps in knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) are barriers to the effective prevention and treatment of CVDs. Aim To assess the knowledge, awareness, and CVD risk among the staff of the college of health science. Methods A cross-sectional study of 70 academic and non-academic staff who consented were given questionnaires for cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) knowledge level, cardiovascular risk awareness (CRA), international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and international stress management association questionnaire (ISMAQ). Selected anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBG) were also measured. Results The mean knowledge level of CVDs was 23.21 ± 3.230, and the mean CRA was 42.61 ± 4.237. The study participants demonstrated moderate-to-high stress (48%), physical inactivity of 18.9%, overweight/obesity of 62.48%, abdominal obesity of 21.4%, hypertensive (systole and diastole) of 27.2%, hyperglycemic of 7.2%, and smokers of 7.2%. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ knowledge level and awareness of CVDs (p < 0.003) and knowledge of CRFs also increased with an increase in educational level. Participants > 40 years had a 3–9% risk of having a CVD event within 10 years. Conclusions The knowledge and awareness of CRFs among the participants was high, and some exhibited risk factors. The staff of the university could improve their risk score by practicing health-promoting behaviors like increased physical activity, blood pressure control, and smoking cessation.
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