Awareness of Breast Cancer Warning Signs and Screening Methods among Female Residents of Pokhara Valley, Nepal

Sathian, Brijesh; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Banerjee, Indrajit; Sreedharan, Jayadevan; De, Arijit; B, Roy; Rajesh, Elayedath; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Hussain, Syed Ather; Menezes, Ritesh G.

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4723

Cited by 45 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The findings indicated that the level of awareness of BC is sub-optimal among the women participants of Delhi. Our overall results are consistent with studies done in other parts of the India (Somdatta and Baridalyne, 2008;Gupta, 2009;Khokhar, 2009;Yadav and Jaroli, 2010;Shalini et al, 2011;Grosse et al, 2013;Parameshwari et al, 2013;Sathian et al, 2014;Sreedevi et al, 2014) and world (Okobia et al, 2006;Elsie et al, 2010;Forbes et al, 2011;Samganje and Mafuvadze, 2012;Radi, 2013;Karadag et al, 2014;Kratzke et al, 2014;Asif et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Recent study done on awareness of BC warning signs and screening methods among female residents of Pokhara Valley at Nepal by Sathian et al (2014) also supported finding by adding that high SES women are exposed to health-related issues through mass media, internet and a better socioeconomic status enables support of screening services. Similar associations with SES were observed by Kanaga et al in Malaysia (Kanaga et al, 2011) and Amin et al in Saudi Arabia when enquiring about BC gene testing awareness (Amin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Breast Cancer Awareness at the Community Level among Women in Delhi, India

Dey¹,

Mishra²,

Govil³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Breast Cancer Awareness at the Community Level among Women in Delhi, India

Dey¹,

Mishra²,

Govil³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Some domains of the B-CAS were consistent with those identified in previous research including, knowledge of risk factors, signs and symptoms and barrier to breast screening (Al-Dubai et al, 2011;Norsa'adah et al, 2012;Sathian et al, 2014;Tazhibi and Feizi, 2014;Yousuf et al, 2012). In addition to these commonly used domains, we identified domains not included in a large majority of existing instruments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In Asian countries, breast cancer is the most diagnosed female cancer and increasing incidence has been observed in several Asian countries (Long et al, 2010;Youlden et al, 2014). This has led to several studies investigating the actual problem by way of studying breast cancer awareness (Khokhar, 2009;Al-Dubai et al, 2011;Kanaga et al, 2011;Gurdal et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2012;Yoo et al, 2012;Donnelly et al, 2013;Norlaili et al, 2013;Radi, 2013;Liu et al, 2014;Sathian et al, 2014;Miyawaki, Shibata et al, 2014;Tazhibi and Feizi, 2014). Most studies have found that the awareness of breast cancer in developing countries was weak compared with developed countries (Jones et al, 2010;Kwok et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies conducted pilot testing and their validation process only involved content validity;they do not go on to fully validate their instruments (Norlaili et al, 2013;Ranasinghe et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014a;Sathian et al, 2014). One study, conducted by Cancer Research UK, King's College London and University College London, developed and did attempt to fully validate their instrument, the Breast CAM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Breast Cancer Awareness Scale for Thai Women: Moving towards a Validated Measure

Rakkapao¹,

Promthet²,

Moore³

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Breast cancer is a major health problem among women around the world. Recent developments in screening and treatment have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in developed countries. However, in developing countries breast cancer mortality remains high.Breast cancer awareness is a first and important step in reducing breast cancer mortality. The development of a validated instrument to measure breast cancer awareness is crucial for the understanding and implementation of suitable health education programs to facilitate early deletion and minimize mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an instrument for the assessment of breast cancer awareness in Thai women. Materials and Methods: This methodological study was conducted in two stages: (1) literature searches and semi-structured interviews were conducted to generate items of the breast cancer awareness scale (B-CAS) which were subsequently examined for content and face validity, and (2) an exploration of the factor structure of the resulting instrument and an examination of its reliability. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire in Thai women aged 20-64 in August, 2015. Results: A total of 219 women (response rate 97.4 %) participated in this validation study. The B-CAS contains five domains with 53 items on breast cancer awareness: 1) knowledge of risk factors, 2) knowledge of signs and symptoms, 3) attitude to breast cancer prevention, 4) barriers of breast screening, and 5) health behavior related to breast cancer awareness. Items with a content validity index < 0.80 were excluded, and factor structure for the remaining items reflected the hypothesized five factor model. The scales based on all retained items was shown to have strongly internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α=0.86). Conclusions: The B-CAS provides good psychometric properties to assess breast cancer awareness in women. It can be used to examine breast cancer awareness in Thai women and it could lead to the development and evaluation of suitable educational interventions for raising breast cancer awareness. Future research should focus on further validating the B-CAS including an assessment of construct and criterion-based validity.

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Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the breast cancer awareness measure (BCAM) questionnaire

Heidari

Feizi

2018

Cancer Medicine

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Background/objectiveEnhancing awareness level about breast cancer is a pivotal strategy for reducing breast cancer burden. There is no fully validated Persian instrument for evaluating breast cancer awareness. This study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) questionnaire.MethodsThis methodological cross‐sectional study was conducted among 1078 Persian language women (including 965 general women and 113 medical/clinical experts), which selected from different parts of Isfahan city using multistage cluster random sampling method. Translation of BCAM questionnaire was performed using forward‐backward method. Internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach's α and test‐retest reliability using unweighted kappa statistic and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. Construct validity was investigated using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as Latent class analysis (LCA), and discriminant validity using ROC curve. Convergent validity was assessed using phi and eta correlation coefficients. Ceiling and floor effects, SE of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) were also determined.ResultsPersian version of BCAM showed excellent test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.841) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.882). Most of the computed kappa coefficients were in the range moderate to very good (0.47‐0.81). Medical/clinical experts had higher levels of breast cancer awareness than general women, indicating good discriminant validity (Area under the curve [AUC]) of 0.822 (95% CI: 0.781, 0.864). Construct validity evaluation by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) led to extraction of two factors from 11 items (“breast shape changes” and “breast pain and lump”), and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the adequacy of extracted construct from EFA. Latent class analysis for evaluating of construct validity led to extracting three classes from participants (high [12.83%], moderate [60.97%], and low [26.2%]) in terms of awareness levels about early warning signs of breast cancer. All item‐scale correlation coefficients exceeded the set value of 0.40, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. No ceiling and floor effects were detected. SEM and SDC were found to be 0.85 and 2.36, respectively.ConclusionsThe Persian version of BCAM is a reliable and valid instrument for monitoring levels of breast cancer awareness in general women population, also it can be used for evaluating the impacts of interventions attempting to raise breast cancer awareness.

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Awareness of Breast Cancer Warning Signs and Screening Methods among Female Residents of Pokhara Valley, Nepal

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

Breast Cancer Awareness at the Community Level among Women in Delhi, India

Breast Cancer Awareness at the Community Level among Women in Delhi, India

Development of a Breast Cancer Awareness Scale for Thai Women: Moving towards a Validated Measure

Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the breast cancer awareness measure (BCAM) questionnaire

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