Awareness, Information-Seeking Behavior, and Information Preferences About Early Childhood Allergy Prevention Among Different Parent Groups: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Abstract

Background In early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP), parents act on behalf of their children. Parental health literacy and the availability of high-quality information, both online and offline, are crucial for effective ECAP. Recent research highlights three main points. First, parents need sufficient health literacy to discriminate between high-quality and low-quality information. Second, ECAP information behaviors may vary between phases of childhood development and according to individual circumstances. Third, to strengthen user-centeredness of available services, a better overview of parents’ information practices and needs and how they handle uncertainties is required. Objective This study aims to explore why, how, and when parents search for and apply ECAP-specific health information and which individual (eg, understanding of advice) and organizational challenges (eg, information services, information complexity, and changing recommendations) they perceive and how they handle them. This study also aims to assess the needs and preferences that parents express for future information formats and contents. The findings should inform the practical design of ECAP information as well as formats and channels specific to different parent groups. Methods The above-named issues will be explored with parents in four German cities as one element in our efforts to cover the spectrum of perspectives. Based on a mixed methods design, including qualitative and quantitative assessments, the first year serves to prepare focus groups, a piloted focus group guide, a short standardized survey adapted from the European Health Literacy Project, recruitment channels, and the recruitment of participants. After conducting 20 focus groups in the second year, data will be analyzed via a constant comparison method in the third year. Based on this, practice implications on channels (ie, Where?), formats (ie, How?), and contents (ie, What?) of ECAP-specific information will be derived and discussed with parents and associated project partners before its dissemination to relevant ECAP actors (eg, childcare institutions and pediatricians). Results The study began with preselection of recruitment channels, drafting of recruitment and study information for potential participants, and agreement on a first full version of the guideline. Then, a detailed contact list was compiled of health professionals, administrative and social institutions, and relevant social media channels (N=386) to be approached for assistance in contacting parents. The recruitment was postponed due to COVID-19 and will start in January 2021. Conclusions ECAP is a relevant example for assessing how users (ie, parents) handle not only health information but the various and continuous changes, uncertainties, and controversies attached to it. So far, it is unclear how parents implement the respective scientific recommendations and expert advice, which is why this study aims to inform those who communicate with parents about ECAP information. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25474

Synchronous online focus groups in health research: application and further development of methodology based on experiences from two mixed-methods research projects

“…From October 2020 to September 2021, we conducted a total of n = 37 SOFGs across two health research projects. One was related to the health information behavior of parents of infants (project A [ 15 ]), the other to the experiences and needs of people with multiple sclerosis and health professionals in the healthcare system (project B [ 16 ]) – the contents are presented in additional file 1. We enrolled a total number of n = 125 participants across both SOFG projects (respectively n = 77 and n = 48).…”

Parental COVID‐19–related health information practises, sources, evaluations and needs: A qualitative interview study

“…Participants received a 30 Euro honorarium. We developed a semistructured interview guide based on (a) the research themes and objectives, (b) the main project underlying this study 23 and (c) core dimensions of the concept of HL. A draft version was revised by four project staff members and pilot tested with parents ( n = 3) (Supporting Information: Appendix 2 ).…”

“…Participants received a 30 Euro honorarium. We developed a semistructured interview guide based on (a) the research themes and objectives, (b) the main project underlying this study 23 and (c) core dimensions of the concept of HL.…”

How do parents access, appraise, and apply health information on early childhood allergy prevention? A focus group and interview study

“…We were thus able to derive frequencies and percentages for the codings/mentions. Regarding recruitment, study participation was planned as on-site meetings at each project site, to enable lively exchange among parents on the (overall) subject of child health, often considered emotive ( 66 ). Though the COVID19-motivated transformation into a digital format could have resulted in less active debate and discussion, we took measures to compensate for this potential shortcoming, particularly the use of case scenarios to uphold interaction and exchange ( 67 ).…”