AvrPtoB Targets the LysM Receptor Kinase CERK1 to Promote Bacterial Virulence on Plants

Giménez-Ibáñez, Selena; Hann, Dagmar R.; Ntoukakis, Vardis; Petutschnig, Elena; Lipka, Volker; Rathjen, John P.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.054

Cited by 421 publications

(381 citation statements)

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“…Some common themes are starting to emerge. Effectors from diverse pathogenic species of bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and insects have been reported to suppress an overlapping set of PTI signaling pathways (Gimenez-Ibanez et al 2009;Bos et al 2010;de Jonge et al 2010;Wang et al 2011). Both bacterial and oomycete plant pathogens target vesicle trafficking pathways to interfere with focal immunity, although the exact mechanisms are yet to emerge Lindeberg et al 2012).…”

Section: Effectors From Unrelated Pathogens Converge On the Same Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives

Win

Chaparro-Garcia

Belhaj

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

342

326

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Every plant is closely associated with a variety of living organisms. Therefore, deciphering how plants interact with mutualistic and parasitic organisms is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the biology of plants. The field of plant-biotic interactions has recently coalesced around an integrated model. Major classes of molecular players both from plants and their associated organisms have been revealed. These include cell surface and intracellular immune receptors of plants as well as apoplastic and host-cell-translocated (cytoplasmic) effectors of the invading organism. This article focuses on effectors, molecules secreted by plant-associated organisms that alter plant processes. Effectors have emerged as a central class of molecules in our integrated view of plant-microbe interactions. Their study has significantly contributed to advancing our knowledge of plant hormones, plant development, plant receptors, and epigenetics. Many pathogen effectors are extraordinary examples of biological innovation; they include some of the most remarkable proteins known to function inside plant cells. Here, we review some of the key concepts that have emerged from the study of the effectors of plant-associated organisms. In particular, we focus on how effectors function in plant tissues and discuss future perspectives in the field of effector biology.

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Section: Effectors From Unrelated Pathogens Converge On the Same Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effector Biology of Plant-Associated Organisms: Concepts and Perspectives

Win

Chaparro-Garcia

Belhaj

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

342

326

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“…Ausubel. cerk1-2, pen2-1, and pub22/23/24 were described earlier (Lipka et al, 2005;Trujillo et al, 2008;Gimenez-Ibanez et al, 2009). All plants were grown on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without Suc at 22°C/ 18°C day/night (8 h of light) at 60% relative humidity.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Spectrum Suppression of Innate Immunity Is Required for Colonization of Arabidopsis Roots by the FungusPiriformospora indica

Jacobs

Zechmann

Molitor³

et al. 2011

Plant Physiology

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Piriformospora indica is a root-colonizing basidiomycete that confers a wide range of beneficial traits to its host. The fungus shows a biotrophic growth phase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots followed by a cell death-associated colonization phase, a colonization strategy that, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported for this plant. P. indica has evolved an extraordinary capacity for plant root colonization. Its broad host spectrum encompasses gymnosperms and monocotyledonous as well as dicotyledonous angiosperms, which suggests that it has an effective mechanism(s) for bypassing or suppressing host immunity. The results of our work argue that P. indica is confronted with a functional root immune system. Moreover, the fungus does not evade detection but rather suppresses immunity triggered by various microbe-associated molecular patterns. This ability to suppress host immunity is compromised in the jasmonate mutants jasmonate insensitive1-1 and jasmonate resistant1-1. A quintuple-DELLA mutant displaying constitutive gibberellin (GA) responses and the GA biosynthesis mutant ga1-6 (for GA requiring 1) showed higher and lower degrees of colonization, respectively, in the cell death-associated stage, suggesting that P. indica recruits GA signaling to help establish proapoptotic root cell colonization. Our study demonstrates that mutualists, like pathogens, are confronted with an effective innate immune system in roots and that colonization success essentially depends on the evolution of strategies for immunosuppression.

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“…Some of the well-studied PAMP receptors belong to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) family (Monaghan and Zipfel, 2012). For example, FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) and Elongation Factor-TU RECEPTOR (EFR) recognize flagellin and EF-Tu from bacteria, respectively (Gómez-Gómez and Boller, 2000;Zipfel et al, 2006), CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1) recognizes both the fungal cell wall component chitin as well as the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan (Miya et al, 2007;Wan et al, 2008;Gimenez-Ibanez et al, 2009;Willmann et al, 2011), and the S-domain-1 receptor-like kinase LORE recognizes lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria (Ranf et al, 2015). Another RLK, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1), functions as a coreceptor for FLS2 and EFR (Chinchilla et al, 2007;Heese et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%