Avoiding Treatment Failures in the Anxiety Disorders

Otto, Michael W.; Hofmann, Stefan G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0612-0

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 718 publications

(935 reference statements)

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“…Although most of our chosen variables did not moderate treatment response, we did find that veterans who were prescribed psychiatric medications experienced less of a reduction in PTSD symptoms than those not prescribed such medications. A possible explanation for this finding is that patients prescribed psychotropic medications may attribute improvements to medication effects (as opposed to internal resources), thereby limiting their sense of competence and/or the generalization of exposure (Oken, 2008;Smits, Reese, Powers, & Otto, 2010). This unexpected finding requires replication in future studies to allow for more informed explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Outcomes of Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Goodson

Lefkowitz

Helstrom

et al. 2013

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Prolonged Exposure (PE) is an evidenced-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is being disseminated nationally within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) with promising initial results. Empirical evidence, however, regarding the effectiveness of PE for treatment of PTSD in military veterans is limited. Building on previous treatment outcome research, the current study investigated the effectiveness of PE in a diverse veteran sample. One-hundred fifteen veterans were enrolled in PE at an urban VA medical center and its surrounding outpatient clinics. PTSD and depression symptoms as well as quality of life were measured before and after treatment. Several baseline patient characteristics were examined as predictors of treatment response. Eighty-four participants completed treatment. Participants experienced a 42% reduction in PTSD symptoms, a 31% reduction in depression symptoms, and an increase in quality of life following PE. Veterans not prescribed psychotropic medication reported greater PTSD symptom reduction than veterans prescribed such medication. The implications of these results for treatment programs targeting PTSD in veterans are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Outcomes of Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Goodson

Lefkowitz

Helstrom

et al. 2013

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Arachnophobia and Fear of Other Insects: Efficacy and Lessons Learned from Treatment Process

Wiederhold

Bouchard

2014

Advances in Virtual Reality and Anxiety Disorders

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How effective psychological treatments work: mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioural therapy and beyond

Salkovskis,

Sighvatsson,

Sigurdsson

2023

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has, in the space of 50 years, evolved into the dominant modality in psychological therapy. Mechanism/s of change remain unclear, however. Aims: In this paper, we will describe key features of CBT that account for the pace of past and future developments, with a view to identifying candidates for mechanism of change. We also highlight the distinction between ‘common elements’ and ‘mechanisms of change’ in psychological treatment. Method: The history of how behaviour therapy and cognitive therapy developed are considered, culminating in the wide range of strategies which now fall under the heading of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We consider how the empirical grounding of CBT has led to the massive proliferation of effective treatment strategies. We then consider the relationship between ‘common factors’ and ‘mechanisms of change’, and propose that a particular type of psychological flexibility is the mechanism of change not only in CBT but also effective psychological therapies in general. Conclusion: Good psychological therapies should ultimately involve supporting people experiencing psychological difficulties to understand where and how they have become ‘stuck’ in terms of factors involved in maintaining distress and impairment. A shared understanding is then evaluated and tested with the intention of empowering and enabling them to respond more flexibly and thereby reclaim their life.

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Avoiding Treatment Failures in the Anxiety Disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 718 publications

Outcomes of Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Outcomes of Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Arachnophobia and Fear of Other Insects: Efficacy and Lessons Learned from Treatment Process

How effective psychological treatments work: mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioural therapy and beyond

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