Avoiding Predators

Huntingford, Felicity A.; Coyle, Susan M.; Hunter, William Ross

doi:10.1002/9781444354614.ch8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…One behavior that is easily and frequently observed is the fish's schooling behavior, a behavior that was also described for eastern silvery minnow H. regius (Raney, 1939). Technically, when fish are in a group and take up the same orientation they are said to be in a "shoal"; when fish in the shoal swim in the same direction in a coordinated manner they are said to be in a "school" (Huntingford et al, 2012e); Rio Grande silvery minnow have been observed in both shoals and in schools in the refugium; in this paper, we will refer to both behaviors as schooling. Schooling starts shortly after the fish become free-swimming.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A shadow puppet is made by locking the thumbs and spreading the fingers of both hands, and by quickly raising the locked hands above the head a shadow that resembles a bird in flight is created. As soon as the bird puppet shadow hits the school it "explodes," with fish darting out of the school in all directions; the splitting and rejoining of the school is done to confuse predators (Huntingford et al, 2012e). The sudden movement of fish in all directions also has a dazzle effect as many of the fish roll a bit which produces flashes of silver; this silvery dazzle gives the fish its common name.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This produces what are termed "naïve" animals. Even though some anti-predator behavior in fish is innate, much of it is learned (Suboski and Templeton, 1989;Laland, 2001, 2003;Griffin, 2004;Huntingford et al, 2012e), so fish raised without predators are more vulnerable to predation than wild fish (Einum and Fleming, 2001;Stunz and Minello, 2001;Brown and Day, 2002;Jackson and Brown, 2011). Not only is this a lot of effort for little return, it also raises what Brown and Day (2002) described as an ethical problem-producing and stocking fish that you know will die.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Behavioral observations of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow in a conservation aquaculture facility

Tave¹,

Toya²,

Hutson³

2018

Croatian Journal of Fisheries

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A major reason why conservation aquaculture is needed to improve the success of aquaculture-assisted fisheries is that traditional production aquaculture produces fish with mal-adaptive behaviors. These behaviors can be produced via domestication and culture techniques, and preventing these mal-adaptive behaviors requires integrating improvements in genetic management and culture protocols. The genetic protocols needed to minimize hatchery-induced genetic changes have received considerable attention, but changing the way fish are raised has received less effort. Conservation aquaculture cultures fish in environments that resemble their native habitats so that when stocked, they behave like wild fish rather than hatchery fish. A purpose built-conservation aquaculture facility can also be used to learn about a species’ behavior and how it reacts to changes in the environment, something which can be difficult or expensive to study in the wild. These observations can then be used to help direct both propagation and recovery management. This paper provides the rationale for why genetic management, culture systems, and management practices need to be altered to produce fish that are behaviorally similar to wild fish for aquaculture-assisted fisheries programs. It then provides a description of some of the behaviors of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnowHybognathus amarusthat were observed at the Los Lunas Silvery Minnow Refugium, a purpose-built conservation aquaculture facility, and explains how some of these behaviors can be used in culture and recovery management. Behaviors described are: schooling; predator avoidance; feeding behavior; use of vegetation for cover and predator avoidance; habitat use by bottom substrate; location in the water column; upstream movement via a fish ladder; movement upstream in a high-velocity channel; response to changes in water level; spawning behavior; seine avoidance; and Kaah-chee-nyee Srkaash, a behavior described for the first time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behavioral observations of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow in a conservation aquaculture facility

Tave¹,

Toya²,

Hutson³

2018

Croatian Journal of Fisheries

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show abstract

“…It includes traits (i) involved in responses to breeding‐environment‐specific stresses (e.g. antipredator behaviour is relevant in ponds [Huntingford et al 2012] while resistance to handling is important in intensive monoculture in RAS, Milla et al 2010) and (ii) related to the production target (e.g. filleting yield for the food consumption output).…”

Section: How To Take Into Account Wild Geographic Differentiation: a mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the intraspecific aquaculture potential from the wild biodiversity to facilitate aquaculture development

Toomey

Fontaine

Lecocq

2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Domestication of new candidate species remains a long and difficult process often resulting in unfruitful attempts. Early steps in most domestication programmes often consider species as a unity, disregarding a part of the biodiversity: the wild intraspecific geographic differentiation. Yet, this differentiation can shape local specificities, which could lead to different domestication predisposition or socio‐economic attractiveness between populations. Therefore, considering this population‐specific potential could facilitate domestication and subsequent production of new candidate species. Here, we propose a three‐step integrative approach to standardise and facilitate new domestication attempts by taking advantage of wild geographic differentiation. Step 1 consists of classifying the wild biodiversity to identify prospective units (i.e. groups of differentiated allopatric populations). Step 2 allows comparing performances of these units in standardised conditions (i.e. rearing system) through a multifunction and multi‐trait assessment. Finally, step 3 highlights units with higher aquaculture potentials through the calculation of an aquaculture potential score. This approach, here applied to fish culture for human consumption, also aims at being extended to other taxa (e.g. crustaceans, molluscs) and other production goals.

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“…While some antipredator behavior is innate, much of it is learned (Suboski and Templeton ; Brown and Laland , ; Griffin ; Huntingford et al. ). Exposing fish to the predators that they will encounter in the wild could improve their chances for survival (Maynard et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raising Fish in a Purpose‐Built Conservation Aquaculture Facility Using Conservation Aquaculture Management

Tave¹,

Toya²,

Hutson³

2019

N American J Aquac

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The naturalized conservation aquaculture unit (refugium) at Los Lunas Silvery Minnow Refugium is the first purpose‐built, large‐scale conservation aquaculture mesocosm. The refugium is 0.2 ha in area, with 0.11 ha of interconnected water habitats, including a stream with sand bars, five ponds, shelves, marshes, attached bars, and overbank areas that can be inundated to create floodplains. The key components of conservation aquaculture management in the refugium are as follows: (1) no artificial feed is used, so that the fish develop the foraging strategies that will be needed in the wild and do not develop maladaptive behaviors associated with feeding; (2) the production of natural food organisms is based on indirect fertilization; (3) fish are subjected to managed predation, so that when stocked they are not behaviorally naïve; and (4) low stocking rates are used to mimic population densities in the wild. Results from 6 years of management and the lessons learned about facility design and conservation aquaculture management are discussed.

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Avoiding Predators

Cited by 6 publications

References 178 publications

Behavioral observations of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow in a conservation aquaculture facility

Behavioral observations of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow in a conservation aquaculture facility

Unlocking the intraspecific aquaculture potential from the wild biodiversity to facilitate aquaculture development

Raising Fish in a Purpose‐Built Conservation Aquaculture Facility Using Conservation Aquaculture Management

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