Avoiding Amazonian Catastrophes: Prospects for Conservation in the 21st Century

Walker, Robert; Simmons, Cynthia; Arima, Eugênio; Galván-Miyoshi, Yankuic; Antunes, Aghane; Waylen, Michael; Irigaray, Maíra

doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.09.009

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The robustness of the inferred nodes inFig. 7and the fraction of the explained variance for three migration events, statistically supports the identified population splits and gene flow events (Walker et al 2019).…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

Comprehensive genotyping of Brazilian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Germplasm Bank: insights into diversification and domestication

Ogbonna

Andrade

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonas region. In this study, 3,354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1,536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, 1,300 to 4,700 SNP markers were selected for large quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity (Ho), effective population size estimate (Ne) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggest earliest population split from Amazonas to Atlantic forest and Caatinga eco-regions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These Findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

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supporting

confidence: 70%

Comprehensive genotyping of Brazilian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Germplasm Bank: insights into diversification and domestication

Ogbonna

Andrade

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…2019; Walker et al . 2019). Rather, we propose landscape spatial scenarios that can guide conservation and restoration strategies in HMFLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, Lovejoy & Nobre (2018) suggest that 75‐80% forest cover should be preserved in the Amazon to avoid major alterations of its hydrological cycle, and myriad cascading effects on biodiversity and human well‐being in Brazil and adjacent South America (Walker et al . 2019). In response, the Brazilian Forest Code (now called ‘Native Vegetation Protection Law’) establishes that rural properties in the Amazon should preserve 80% of their native vegetation, though this target has been met with resistance (Azevedo et al .…”

Section: How Much Forest Needs To Be Maintained In a Landscape?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This abiotic change can shift forests to savanna, increase the susceptibility of forests to fires, and negatively impact agriculture in Brazil and adjacent countries (Sampiao et al 2007; Lovejoy & Nobre 2018; Walker et al . 2019). Riparian vegetation also regulates watershed hydrological processes, improves water quality and attenuates floods (Tabacchi et al .…”

Section: Human Benefits In Biodiversity‐friendly Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing optimal human‐modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation

et al. 2020

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Agriculture and development transform forest ecosystems to human-modified landscapes. Decades of research in ecology have generated myriad concepts for the appropriate management of these landscapes. Yet, these concepts are often contradictory and apply at different spatial scales, making the design of biodiversity-friendly landscapes challenging. Here, we combine concepts with empirical support to design optimal landscape scenarios for forest-dwelling species. The supported concepts indicate that appropriately sized landscapes should contain ≥ 40% forest cover, although higher percentages are likely needed in the tropics. Forest cover should be configured with c. 10% in a very large forest patch, and the remaining 30% in many evenly dispersed smaller patches and semi-natural treed elements (e.g. vegetation corridors). Importantly, the patches should be embedded in a high-quality matrix. The proposed landscape scenarios represent an optimal compromise between delivery of goods and services to humans and preserving most forest wildlife, and can therefore guide forest preservation and restoration strategies.

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“…Thus, besides massive loss of habitats and the region's enormous terrestrial biodiversity (Stropp et al 2009;Malhado et al 2013), Amazonian forest loss influences rainfall regimes at global scales and reduces agricultural yields far beyond the region's boundaries. The tipping point could come quickly if deforestation follows an accelerated pace, given the rapidity of infrastructure construction (Simmons et al 2018;Walker et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation Trajectories on a Development Frontier in the Brazilian Amazon: 35 Years of Settlement Colonization, Policy and Economic Shifts, and Land Accumulation

Carrero

Fearnside

Valle

et al. 2020

Environmental Management

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We examine deforestation processes in Apuí, a deforestation hotspot in Brazil's state of Amazonas and present processes of land-use change on this Amazonian development frontier. Settlement projects attract agents whose clearing reflects land accumulation and the economic importance of deforestation. We used a mixed-method approach in the Rio Juma Settlement to examine colonization and deforestation trajectories for 35 years at three scales of analysis: the entire landscape, cohorts of settlement lots divided by occupation periods, and lots grouped by landholding size per household. All sizes of landholdings are deforesting much more than before, and current political and economic forces favoring the agribusiness sector foreshadow increasing rates of forest clearing for pasture establishment in Apuí. The area cleared per year over the 2013-2018 period in Apuí grew by a percentage more than twice the corresponding percentage for the Brazilian Amazon as a whole. With the national congress and presidential administration signaling impunity for illegal deforestation, wealthy actors, and groups are investing resources in land grabbing and land accumulation, with land speculation being a crucial deforestation factor. This paper is unique in providing causal explanations at the decision-maker's level on how deforestation trajectories are linked to economic and political events (period effects) at the larger scales, adding to the literature by showing that such effects were more important than aging and cohort effects as explanations for deforestation trajectories. Additional research is needed to deepen our understanding of relations between land speculation, illegal possession of public lands, and the expansion of agricultural frontiers in Amazonia.

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Avoiding Amazonian Catastrophes: Prospects for Conservation in the 21st Century

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Comprehensive genotyping of Brazilian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Germplasm Bank: insights into diversification and domestication

Comprehensive genotyping of Brazilian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Germplasm Bank: insights into diversification and domestication

Designing optimal human‐modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation

Deforestation Trajectories on a Development Frontier in the Brazilian Amazon: 35 Years of Settlement Colonization, Policy and Economic Shifts, and Land Accumulation

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