Avoidant personality disorder in individuals with generalized social anxiety disorder: What does it add?

Marques, Luana; Porter, Eliora; Keshaviah, Aparna; Pollack, Mark H.; Ameringen, Michael Van; Stein, Murray B.; Simon, Naomi M.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.004

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Individuals with avoidant PD, which is often associated with interpersonal dysfunction, often report having difficulties with being assertive and are socially inhibited (Cummings et al, 2013). Avoidant PD has a high symptom similarity with generalized social anxiety disorder and on a continuum may represent a more severe form of social anxiety disorder (Marques et al, 2012). Social anxiety and associated symptoms have been found to be more associated with women than with men (Hofmann et al, 2010;Kuusikko-Gauffin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Disorders in Female and Male College Students With Internet Addiction

Lane³

2016

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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A high rate of personality disorders (PDs) was found in individuals with Internet addiction (IA) in previous studies using clinical and limited sample sizes. The present study further made comparisons between sex and incorporated a control group to compare the frequencies of PD between individuals with IA and those without IA. Five hundred fifty-six college students (341 females) completed self-report surveys and were later given diagnostic interviews to assess for a PD diagnosis. Males with IA showed a higher frequency of narcissistic PD, whereas females with IA showed a higher frequency of borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, or dependent PD when compared with those without IA. The high rate of PD among Internet addicts may be associated with the core features of specific PD psychopathology. Sex differences in the PD frequencies among IA individuals provide indications for understanding the psychopathological characteristics of PDs in Internet addicts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Disorders in Female and Male College Students With Internet Addiction

Lane³

2016

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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“…Other studies indicate qualitative differences between SAD and AvPD (Hummelen, Wilberg, Pedersen, & Karterud, 2007; Huppert, Strunk, Ledley, Davidson, & Foa, 2008; Lampe & Sunderland, 2015). For instance, AvPD may include an aspect of emotional guardedness towards other people that is not well captured by the SAD construct (Marques et al, 2012), and family studies suggest that AvPD may be related to the schizophrenia-spectrum (e.g., Fogelson et al, 2010). There is no consensus on the issue of qualitative differences between the disorders (Bernstein, Arntz, & Travaglini, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations between social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder: A twin study.

Torvik¹,

Welander-Vatn²,

Ystrøm³

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) are frequently co-occurring psychiatric disorders with symptomatology related to fear of social situations. It is uncertain to what degree the two disorders reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors. The current study addresses the stability and co-occurrence of SAD and AvPD, the factor structure of the diagnostic criteria, and genetic and environmental factors underlying the disorders at two time points. SAD and AvPD were assessed in 1,761 young adult female twins at baseline and 1,471 of these approximately 10 years later. Biometric models were fitted to dimensional representations of SAD and AvPD. SAD and AvPD were moderately and approximately equally stable from young to middle adulthood, with increasing co-occurrence driven by environmental factors. At the first wave, approximately one in three individuals with AvPD had SAD, increasing to one in two at follow-up. The diagnostic criteria for SAD and AvPD had a two-factor structure with low cross-loadings. The relationship between SAD and AvPD was best accounted for by a model with separate, although highly correlated (r = .76), and highly heritable (.66 and .71) risk factors for each disorder. Their genetic and environmental components correlated .84 and .59, respectively. The finding of partially distinct risk factors indicates qualitative differences in the etiology of SAD and AvPD. Genetic factors represented the strongest time-invariant influences, whereas environmental factors were most important at the specific points in time.

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“…The similarity between these disorders has been extensively discussed in the literature (Rettew, 2000; Widiger, 1992). Although Avoidant PD has been found to reflect a higher severity of social inhibition and impairment in some studies (Hummelen, Wilberg, Pedersen, & Karterud, 2007; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Keys, 1986), specifically regarding the Avoidant PD criterion involving emotional guardedness (Marques et al, 2012), other researchers have reported only minimal differences (Ralevski et al, 2005). In addition, both disorders have been found to share the same genetic liability (Reichborn-Kjennerud, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality disorders and the persistence of anxiety disorders: Evidence of a time-of-measurement effect in NESARC

Vergés

Kushner

Jackson

et al. 2014

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Recent studies using data from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) have found that some personality disorders (PDs) increase the persistence of several Axis I disorders. However, these effects are potentially confounded with the data collection wave in which PDs were assessed. Our aim was to extend published analyses to the case of anxiety disorders and to determine the robustness of the associations to analyses examining time-of-measurement effects. Persistence of anxiety disorders was defined either as follow-up diagnosis among participants diagnosed at baseline (“prediction”) or baseline diagnosis among participants diagnosed at follow-up (“post-diction”). Results revealed a robust pattern of higher odds ratios for post-diction among PDs assessed at baseline, and lower odds ratios for post-diction among PDs assessed at follow-up, suggesting a time of measurement artifact. Although only 4% of associations were robust to both predictive and post-dictive analyses, these were consistent with previous research.

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Avoidant personality disorder in individuals with generalized social anxiety disorder: What does it add?

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Personality Disorders in Female and Male College Students With Internet Addiction

Personality Disorders in Female and Male College Students With Internet Addiction

Longitudinal associations between social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder: A twin study.

Personality disorders and the persistence of anxiety disorders: Evidence of a time-of-measurement effect in NESARC

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