Avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: A longitudinal study

Krause, Elizabeth D.; Kaltman, Stacey; Goodman, Lisa A.; Dutton, Mary Ann

doi:10.1002/jts.20288

Cited by 181 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The presumably high stress of the ICU experience, influenced in part by the outcome of the patient, mobilizes coping strategies. The use of avoidant coping in response to ongoing ICU and post-ICU stressors may play a role in sustaining and accelerating PTSD symptom severity as has been shown in other traumatic stress populations (27,51,53). Problem-focused coping has been associated with negative psychological health outcomes from acute stress-ors but positive health outcomes with chronic stressors, suggesting psychological difficulty in the short term but improved psychological adjustment in the long term (22,26,36).…”

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Positive associations between coping strategies and PTSD symptoms have been described in other PTSD populations with avoidant coping having the strongest positive association with PTSD symptoms (26,27,36,48,49). Some authors have presumed the presence of PTSD symptoms causes the use of avoidant coping (36, 50).…”

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the relationship between coping strategy use and PTSD symptoms severity increased over time. These findings suggest a subset of FDMs continued to use sustained or higher levels of coping strategies and those who used higher levels of coping strategies (avoidant and problem-focused coping) over time also tended to be the FDMs experiencing higher amounts of PTSD symptoms.Positive associations between coping strategies and PTSD symptoms have been described in other PTSD populations with avoidant coping having the strongest positive association with PTSD symptoms (26,27,36,48,49). Some authors have presumed the presence of PTSD symptoms causes the use of avoidant coping (36, 50).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers

Petrinec

Mazanec

Bujrant

et al. 2016

Survey of Anesthesiology

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Objective-To assess the coping strategies used by family decision makers of adult critical care patients during and after the critical care experience and the relationship of coping strategies to posttraumatic stress symptoms experienced 60 days after hospitalization.Design-A single-group descriptive longitudinal correlational study.Setting-Medical, surgical, and neurological ICUs in a large tertiary care university hospital.Patients-Consecutive family decision makers of adult critical care patients from August 2012 to November 2013. Study inclusion occurred after the patient's fifth day in the ICU. Interventions-None.Measurements and Main Results-Family decision makers of incapacitated adult ICU patients completed the Brief COPE instrument assessing coping strategy use 5 days after ICU admission and 30 days after hospital discharge or death of the patient and completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised assessing post-traumatic stress symptoms 60 days after hospital discharge. Seventy-seven family decision makers of the eligible 176 completed all data collection time points of this study. The use of problem-focused (p = 0.01) and emotion-focused (p < 0.01) coping decreased over time while avoidant coping (p = 0.20) use remained stable. Coping strategies 30 days after hospitalization (R 2 = 0.50, p < 0.001) were better predictors of later posttraumatic stress symptoms than coping strategies 5 days after ICU admission (R 2 = 0.30, p = 0.001) controlling for patient and decision-maker characteristics. The role of decision maker for a parent and patient death were the only noncoping predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Avoidant coping use 30 days after hospitalization mediated the relationship between patient death and later posttraumatic stress symptom severity.Conclusions-Coping strategy use is a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress symptom severity 60 days after hospitalization in family decision makers of ICU patients.For information regarding this article, abp19@case.edu. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).Dr. Hoffer has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest. Some family members of critically ill patients experience tremendous psychological distress during the ICU experience (1-5). Lemiale et al (6) reported in a French cohort that 36% of ICU family members are taking anxiolytic or antidepressant drugs on discharge or death of their family member. In the months following the ICU experience, family members are at risk for ongoing psychological distress, including symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, depression, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complicated grief (7-12). Specifically, the prevalence and severity of PTSD symptoms in post-ICU family members have been increasingly recognized in the literature (7-10, 13-18). HHS Public Acce...

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Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers

Petrinec

Mazanec

Bujrant

et al. 2016

Survey of Anesthesiology

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“…In addition, the well-known relationship between even a single traumatic event and the development of PTSD or other psychiatric problems 39 is strengthened following multiple occurrences of trauma, particularly physical assaults. 8,40 For drug users who are not in treatment, the occurrence of new traumatic events is likely to destabilize progress toward healthy behavior change by intensifying psychiatric and drug use severity, 8,17,41 which, in turn, increases risk of further traumatic event exposure. Future studies should assess the mental health outcomes related to these very high re-exposure rates, with particular attention to the greater risk for women injecting drug users.…”

Section: Implications Of Traumatic Event Re-exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Event Re-exposure in Injecting Drug Users

et al. 2011

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Drug users have very high rates of lifetime exposure to traumatic events, leading to significant psychiatric complications. In spite of the high rate of lifetime exposure, very little is known about the rate of ongoing re-exposure to new traumatic events in drug users. We investigated the rate of traumatic event re-exposure in male and female injecting drug users using syringe exchange services in Baltimore (N=197). Participants were assessed monthly for traumatic event re-exposure for 16 months. Averaged over the entire follow-up period, 27% of participants were re-exposed to a traumatic event each month and 72% were re-exposed over the 16-month study period. Women were over twice as likely to report any traumatic event re-exposure as men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.48; 95% CI=1.54-3.99), with the specific events of lifethreatening illness, death of a loved one, and injury or illness of a loved one being more common in women than men. Traumatic event re-exposure occurs far more often than previously reported, with women injecting drug users at the highest risk. Reassessment of traumatic events may help to identify people most in need and encourage entry into treatment.

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“…Studies have shown that avoidant coping is positively associated with higher symptoms of PTSD (Krause, Kaltman, Goodman, & Dutton, 2008;Ullman, Townsend, Filipas, & Starzynski, 2007). With the use of military/veteran samples, studies have further supported the notion that the use of avoidant coping strategies during deployment is positively correlated with a later PTSD diagnosis (Benotsch et al, 2000;Solomon, Mikulincer, & Flum 1988;Stein et al, 2005;Wolfe et al, 1993).…”

Section: Ptsd Symptomatology and Treatment Historymentioning

confidence: 94%

Therapeutic treatments for PTSD : does type of treatment impact help seeking behaviors in a military sample?

Halford¹

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There are several known barriers that people face that decrease the likelihood of seeking professional psychological help. The present study sought to identify whether certain treatment types for PTSD serve as barriers to seeking psychological help. It specifically sought to identify trauma-focused treatments as potential barriers due to their perception of being emotionally challenging. A survey was administered to 84 respondents. Of the respondents, 41 were randomly assigned to read a treatment protocol for an exposurebased, trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD, which 43 were randomly assigned to read a protocol for a trauma-avoidant psychotherapy for PTSD. Measures of attitudes toward seeking help and mental health stigma were then administered, with treatment type serving as two levels of an independent variable. We hypothesized that participants in the trauma-focused condition would subsequently report higher levels of stigma and more negative attitudes toward seeking help. MANCOVA results did not support our hypothesis as both groups were shown to have equal reactions to the protocols. This held true when controlling for four potential covariates: PTSD symptoms, avoidant coping vi styles, conformity to masculine gender norms, and previous PTSD treatment history.Treatment implications and future directions were discussed.

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Avoidant coping and PTSD symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: A longitudinal study

Cited by 181 publications

References 43 publications

Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers

Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers

Traumatic Event Re-exposure in Injecting Drug Users

Therapeutic treatments for PTSD : does type of treatment impact help seeking behaviors in a military sample?

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