“…Preference for an environment is assessed on the number of times one arm of the T-maze is chosen and/or the amount of time it takes for the animal to make its choice (Sumpter et al, 2002). The T-maze procedure has been used as a measure of choice behaviour in dairy cows to assess noise avoidance (Arnold, Ng, Jongman, & Hemsworth, 2008), various handling treatments including shouting, hitting and electric shocks (Pajor, Rushen, & de Passillé, 2003) and restraint procedures in sheep (Rushen,1986), deer (Pollard, Littlejohn, & Suttie, 1994) and beef cattle (Grandin, Odde, Schutz, & Behrns, 1994). However, results can be difficult to interpret.…”