Avoidance of crack inducement when laser welding hot-formed car body components — a variable analysis

Larsson, Johnny K.

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.036

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…To study the behavior of temperature and strain in the weld mushy zone in more detail, a 4 × 4 × 1.25 mm 3 volume is extracted at the weld starting location from the simulation results. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the studied material are 1670 and 1783 K, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on hot cracking during laser welding by means of experimental and numerical methods

et al. 2017

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Hot cracking during laser welding of Transformation Induce Plasticity (TRIP) steel at the edges of steel flanges can be a problem. In this study, modified hot cracking tests were performed by welding on a single-side clamped specimen at various distances from the free edge, while the heat input and external constraints remained constant. In situ temperature and strain measurements were carried out using pre-attached thermocouples and digital image correlation, respectively. A thermal-mechanical finite element (FE) model was constructed and validated with the temporal and spatial data measured. From the validated FE model, the temperature and strain evolution in the weld mushy zone were studied. A critical strain for the onset of hot cracking in the TRIP steel examined was found to be in the range of 3.2 to 3.6%. This threshold was further evaluated and experimentally confirmed by welding with different heat inputs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of laser welding at the edges of steel flanges is often required [2]; however, hot cracking of laser welded components in certain AHSS steel grades can be an issue associated with such a weld geometry [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on hot cracking during laser welding by means of experimental and numerical methods

et al. 2017

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“…Joining vehicle body components is a significant technological challenge due to the need to ensure adequate body rigidity as well as the ability to absorb energy in road accidents. The methods of joining steel sheet elements used in motor vehicles include: welding, butt-welding [1], laser welding [2], spot welding [3,4], adhesive bonding [5,6], and riveting [7]. Spot welding is widely used in the automotive industry and has been used for many years, but it requires quality control at the manufacturing stage as there may be around 6000 spot welds on a vehicle body [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspection of Spot Welded Joints with the Use of the Ultrasonic Surface Wave

Ulbrich,

Psuj,

Wypych

et al. 2023

Materials

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Spot welded joints play a crucial role in the construction of modern automobiles, serving as a vital method for enhancing the structural integrity, strength, and durability of the vehicle body. Taking into account spot welding process in automotive bodies, numerous defects can arise, such as insufficient weld nugget diameter. It may have evident influence on vehicle operation or even contribute to accidents on the road. Hence, there is a need for non-invasive methods that allow to assess the quality of the spot welds without compromising their structural integrity and characteristics. Thus, this study describes a novel method for assessing spot welded joints using ultrasound technology. The usage of ultrasonic surface waves is the main component of the proposed advancement. The study employed ultrasonic transducers operating at a frequency of 10 MHz and a specially designed setup for testing various spot welded samples. The parameters of the spot welding procedure and the size of the weld nugget caused differences in the ultrasonic surface waveforms that were recorded during experiments. One of the indicators of weld quality was the amplitude of the ultrasonic pulse. For low quality spot welds, the amplitude amounted to around 25% of the maximum value when using single-sided transducers. Conversely, for high-quality welds an amplitude of 90% was achieved. Depending on the size of the weld nugget, a larger or smaller amount of wave energy is transferred, which results in a smaller or larger amplitude of the ultrasonic pulse. Comparable results were obtained when employing transducers on both sides of the tested joint, as an amplitude ranging from 13% for inferior welds to 97% for superior ones was observed. This research confirmed the feasibility of employing surface waves to assess the diameter of the weld nugget accurately.

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“…Some automotive industries have reported solidification cracking in certain AHSS grades during laser welding [15]. For instance, Larsson [16] reported that solidification cracking can occur during laser welding of B-pillar made of Ultra High Strength Steels (UHSS) used in the Volvo XC60 car body (Figure 1). In order to test the resistance to solidification cracking in thin sheets, VDEh(German Steel Institute) has developed a self-restraint hot cracking test [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Solidification Cracking Susceptibility during Laser Welding in an Advanced High Strength Automotive Steel

Agarwal

Gao

Amirthalingam

et al. 2018

Metals

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Susceptibility to weld solidification cracking in transformation-induced plasticity steel sheets was studied using a modified standard hot cracking test used in the automotive industry. To vary the amount of self-restraint, bead-on-plate laser welding was carried out on a single-sided clamped specimen at increasing distances from the free edge. Solidification cracking was observed when welding was carried out close to the free edge. With increasing amount of restraint, the crack length showed a decreasing trend, and at a certain distance, no cracking was observed. With the aid of a finite element-based model, dynamic thermal and mechanical conditions that prevail along the transverse direction of the mushy zone are used to explain the cracking susceptibility obtained experimentally. The results indicate that the transverse strain close to the fusion boundary can be used as a criterion to predict the cracking behavior. The outcome of the study shows that optimum processing parameters can be used to weld steels closer to the free edge without solidification cracking.

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Avoidance of crack inducement when laser welding hot-formed car body components — a variable analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation on hot cracking during laser welding by means of experimental and numerical methods

Investigation on hot cracking during laser welding by means of experimental and numerical methods

Inspection of Spot Welded Joints with the Use of the Ultrasonic Surface Wave

Study of Solidification Cracking Susceptibility during Laser Welding in an Advanced High Strength Automotive Steel

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