Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants

Allen, Elizabeth; Rumbold, Alice; Keir, Amy; Collins, Carmel T; Gillis, Jennifer; Suganuma, H

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005252.pub5

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The role of feeding imprinting in DBF outcomes is evident across the literature 14,15,17,19,27,33,44,45. Our results further illustrate these phenomena, and underscore the significant impact of DBF at the first oral meal on DBF across the hospital stay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Moreover, a dose–response relationship has been observed between the number of DBF meals before the first bottle-feeding, transition time to ad lib oral feeds, HM consumption, and earlier discharge 17. Delayed introduction of bottles increases DBF in the hospital, and is protective of exclusive DBF at discharge 14,18,27. Preterm infants who were DBF any amount, or at least once per day in the hospital, achieve longer HM duration, compared with those who were never DBF 13–15,44,45…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Encourage, Assess, Transition (EAT)

Swanson

Elgersma

McKechnie

et al. 2022

Advances in Neonatal Care

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Background: The opportunity to establish a direct breastfeeding (DBF) relationship with a preterm infant, if desired by the mother or lactating parent, is a known driver of positive healthcare experiences. Preterm birth is an independent risk factor for early human milk (HM) cessation, and DBF at the first oral meal promotes continued DBF during hospitalization and HM duration beyond discharge. While the Spatz 10-step model for protecting and promoting HM and breastfeeding in vulnerable infants provides best practices, lack of standardized implementation results in missed opportunities to meet parents' DBF goals. Purpose: To standardize clinical practices to increase DBF at the first oral meal, total DBF meals during hospitalization, and use of test weighing to measure milk transfer for preterm infants. Methods: Quality improvement methods were used to develop and implement Encourage, Assess, Transition (EAT): a DBF protocol for infants less than 37 weeks gestation at birth, in a level II neonatal intensive care unit. Results: Thirty-eight (45%) infants from 27.7 to 36.7 weeks of gestation initiated the protocol. The proportion of infants' DBF at first oral meal increased from 22% to 54%; mean DBF meals during hospitalization increased from 13.3 to 20.3; and use of test weighing increased by 166%. Implications for Practice and Research: Standardizing DBF practices with the EAT protocol increased DBF during hospitalization—a known driver of patient experience—and HM duration beyond discharge, in hospitalized preterm infants. Researchers should validate the reported benefits of EAT (increased DBF during hospitalization, use of test weighing, and improved patient experience), methods to promote passive dissemination of evidence, and sustain change. Video abstract available at: https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/pages/video.aspx?v=61.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encourage, Assess, Transition (EAT)

Swanson

Elgersma

McKechnie

et al. 2022

Advances in Neonatal Care

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“…The risk of ulceration of the nasal septum is reduced by using these types of bottles because it is not necessary to create negative pressure in the oral cavity or to press the nipple against the cleft. However, the shape of these nipples might cause nipple confusion during the transition to breastfeeding [ 24 ]. Cup-feeding could provide a more stable heart rate and oxygen saturation for the child than bottle-feeding and increase the breastfeeding rate [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottle-feeding techniques for children with cleft lip and palate experiencing feeding difficulties

Ueki

Fujita

Kumagai

et al. 2023

International Journal of Nursing Sciences

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“…Alternatives to a bottle do exist. Cup feeding has been found to have benefits in terms of increased breastfeeding duration when compared with a bottle in the preterm population (Allen et al, 2021). However, cup feeding appears to be unpopular with mothers and has itself been reported as being refused (Maxwell et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why have a bottle when you can have draught? Exploring bottle refusal by breastfed babies

Maxwell

Fleming

Porcellato

2023

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Bottle refusal by breastfed babies is a scenario that has received surprisingly little attention in the literature, given the number of mothers who appear to be experiencing it globally and the subsequent negative impact it can have. In line with this, we undertook a study to explore mothers' views on why their breastfed baby refuses to bottle feed. A parallel, two-stage, exploratory qualitative design was employed using 30 semi-structured interviews and 597 online forum posts. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis, and a biopsychosocial model was applied resulting in four overarching themes being identified: 'Breastfeeding is the answer to everything….' 'Bottle feeding: an alien concept… 'Babies are individuals' and 'Find the right bottle and don't delay'. The psychological benefits of breastfeeding, not inherent in bottle feeding, appeared to underpin some mothers' views on their baby's refusal. Other mothers explained refusal as being down to a baby's biological expectation to be fed by the breast; therefore, bottle feeding was not a normal concept to them. A baby's individual personality and temperament were also suggested as contributing to the scenario and refusal was linked to babies disliking a certain brand of bottle and being introduced to it 'too late'. This study's findings point to a complex, multifactorial picture underpinning bottle refusal by breastfed babies, which transcends physical, psychological and biological concepts, and is influenced by socio-cultural norms surrounding infant feeding. Recognition of these contributing factors is needed to aid those supporting mothers experiencing the scenario and, importantly, to underpin mothers' decision-making around managing it.

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Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Encourage, Assess, Transition (EAT)

Encourage, Assess, Transition (EAT)

Bottle-feeding techniques for children with cleft lip and palate experiencing feeding difficulties

Why have a bottle when you can have draught? Exploring bottle refusal by breastfed babies

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