Avoidance Learning

Overmier, J. Bruce

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3387-6_10

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, as a result of the child's escape from being alone and the parents' escape from hearing their child cry, both child and parent may learn to anticipate each other's behavior and act to avoid the aversive state (Overmier, 1979). The child's behavior engages and holds parental attention earlier and earlier, while parents respond with the provision of more and more immediate, often ritualized, attention in order to prevent distress.…”

Section: Contingencies For Sleep-compatible and Incompatible Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Behavioral Model of Infant Sleep Disturbance

Blampied

1993

J of App Behav Analysis

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Chronic sleep disturbance, such as bed refusal, sleep-onset delay, and night waking with crying, affects 15% to 35% of preschool children. Biological factors, particularly arousals associated with recurrent episodes of rapid-eye-movement sleep, render infants vulnerable to repeated awakenings. Parental failure to establish appropriate stimulus control of sleep-related behaviors and parentmediated contingencies of reinforcement for sleep-incompatible behaviors may shape and maintain infant sleep disturbance. Treatment and prevention strategies are discussed, and research needs are identified.

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Section: Contingencies For Sleep-compatible and Incompatible Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Behavioral Model of Infant Sleep Disturbance

Blampied

1993

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…A great degree of similarity is hence postulated for appetitive and aversive behaviour; consequently, both may be based on similar learning mechanisms (Cándido, Maldonado, & Vila, 1989;Dickinson, 1980;Toates, 1986). One experimental strategy to test this hypothesis has been to use avoidance learning to search for effects similar to those traditionally obtained in appetitive instrumental conditioning (Daly & Daly, 1987;Denny, 1991;Gray, 1987;Masterson & Crawford, 1982;McAllister, McAllister, Brooks, & Goldman, 1972;Morris, 1975;Overmier, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successive Positive Contrast in One-Way Avoidance Learning

Cândido

Maldonado

Rodríguez

et al. 2002

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B

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The main finding of these experiments was a positive contrast effect in one-way avoidance learning. Experiment 1 showed that increasing safety time during one-way avoidance training led to improved performance, surpassing that of a control group that had received the high reward (safe time) from the beginning of training. Experiment 2 showed that a similar positive contrast effect occurred when the time spent in the danger compartment before the onset of the warning signal was shortened. These results suggest that time spent in a safe context acts as a reinforcer of the avoidance response; however, its incentive value depends not only on its duration, but also on the length of the time spent in the danger compartment before the onset of the signal. Overall, results also suggest that the avoidance response is a mixture of flight (motivated by fear) and approach (to a safe place) behaviour. The specific weight of the flight or approach component may be a function of the time and the amount of activation of each emotional state (fear or relief) due to opponent homeostatic compensatory processes that occur in the danger and safe compartments during one-way avoidance learning.

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Avoidance Learning

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

A Behavioral Model of Infant Sleep Disturbance

A Behavioral Model of Infant Sleep Disturbance

Successive Positive Contrast in One-Way Avoidance Learning

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