Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Combination Inhibits Proinflammatory COX-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Tendon-Derived Cells

Grzanna, M.W.; Au, Rebecca Y; Au, A.Y.; Rashmir, Ann; Frondoza, Carmelita G.

doi:10.1089/jmf.2019.0022

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Inflammatory prostaglandin signaling plays a role in the preclinical development of neurodegenerative diseases [ 29 , 30 , 54 ]. COX-2, the inducible form of the COX enzyme involved in prostaglandin synthesis, is rarely expressed in steady state but is induced rapidly following stimulation by a mitogen, cytokine, or lipopolysaccharide [ 28 , 31 , 55 ]. Here, we found that COX-2 expression was increased following treatment of BV2 and HT22 cells with IL-22, and there was a time difference between the responses of the BV2 and HT22 cell lines at the transcriptional ( Figure 2 B) and translational levels ( Figure 2 C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated microglia release various bioactive molecules, including nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that produces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major inducer of inflammatory processes in the hippocampus [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Hence, we examined the effects of IL-22 on IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and PGE2 expression in mouse brain cell lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain

Lee

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Interleukin (IL)-22 is a potent mediator of inflammatory responses. The IL-22 receptor consists of the IL-22Rα and IL-10Rβ subunits. Previous studies have shown that IL-22Rα expression is restricted to non-hematopoietic cells in the skin, pancreas, intestine, liver, lung, and kidney. Although IL-22 is involved in the development of inflammatory responses, there have been no reports of its role in brain inflammation. Here, we used RT-PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical, and microarray analyses to examine the role of IL-22 and expression of IL-22Rα in the brain, using the microglial cell line, hippocampal neuronal cell line, and inflamed mouse brain tissue. Treatment of BV2 and HT22 cells with recombinant IL-22 increased the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2. We also found that the JNK and STAT3 signaling pathways play an important role in IL-22-mediated increases in inflammatory mediators. Microarray analyses revealed upregulated expression of inflammation-related genes in IL-22-treated HT22 cells. Finally, we found that IL-22Rα is spontaneously expressed in the brain and is upregulated in inflamed mouse brain. Overall, our results demonstrate that interaction of IL-22 with IL-22Rα plays a role in the development of inflammatory responses in the brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain

Lee

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…ASUs were concomitantly administered with glucosamine (GLU) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), because this mixture has been used in osteoarthritis joint-inflammation therapy before. As a result of the study, it has been demonstrated that ASU was able to significantly suppress IL-1β-induced inflammation and to reduce COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 expression, indicating that ASU can act as a potential treatment agent in tendon-associated inflammation for combination therapy with GLU and CS ( Table 1 ) [ 157 ]. However, because of the small number of studies conducted with ASU in the context of tendinitis, these results must be considered as an only vague hint of ASU’s potential in tendinitis treatment and further research has to be carried out.…”

Section: Plant-derived Nutraceuticals In the Treatment Of Tendinitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis

et al. 2022

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Tendinitis (tendinopathy) is a pro-inflammatory and painful tendon disease commonly linked with mechanical overuse and associated injuries, drug abuse, and lifestyle factors (including poor diet and physical inactivity) that causes significant healthcare expenditures due to its high incidence. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the major pro-inflammatory transcription factors, along with other inflammation signaling pathways, triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, endotoxins, physical and chemical stressors, hypoxia, and other pro-inflammatory factors. Their activation is known to regulate the expression of a multitude of genes involved in inflammation, degradation, and cell death. The pathogenesis of tendinitis is still poorly understood, whereas efficient and sustainable treatment is missing. Targeting drug suppression of the key inflammatory regulators represents an effective strategy for tendinitis therapy, but requires a comprehensive understanding of their principles of action. Conventional monotherapies are often ineffective and associated with severe side effects in patients. Therefore, agents that modulate multiple cellular targets represent therapeutic treatment potential. Plant-derived nutraceuticals have been shown to act as multi-targeting agents against tendinitis via various anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, whereat they were able to specifically modulate numerous signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38/MAPK, JNK/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, thus down-regulating inflammatory processes. This review discusses the utility of herbal nutraceuticals that have demonstrated safety and tolerability as anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis through the suppression of catabolic signaling pathways. Limitations associated with the use of nutraceuticals are also described.

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“…In addition, avocado oil is characterized by its high carotenoid and tocopherol contents (Peraza-Magallanes et al, 2017). The oil is incorporated in many hair and skin preparations for its healing and softening properties (Nogueira-de-Almeida et al, 2018) and is used in combination with soybean unsaponifiables to treat inflammation (Grzanna et al, 2020;Salehi et al, 2020). Recently, the effect of extraction method on the oil composition has been reviewed (Flores et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of avocado oil obtained from Duke and Fuerte cultivars

Elosaily

Mahrous

Salama

et al. 2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit and oil are traditionally used for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. We investigated chemical variability between two avocado cultivars (Duke and Fuerte) in relation to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Duke cultivar showed higher β-carotene and α-tocopherol content but significantly lower lipid content (36% dry weight) compared to Fuerte (52% dry weight). The ethanolic extract of Duke cultivar showed good antioxidant properties in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay with IC 50 at 27.21 μg/ml, while that of Fuerte showed weak activity. Meanwhile, in rat paw edema anti-inflammatory model, Duke oil (15 mg/kg) was slightly more effective in reducing inflammation by 41.12% after 1 h compared to Fuerte oil (15 mg/kg). However, after 4 h, both oils showed comparable inhibition of edema by 35.39% and 34.14% (15 mg/kg). The study underscores that variability in chemical composition of different avocado cultivars could affect biological activities attributed to the fruit and its oil.

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Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Combination Inhibits Proinflammatory COX-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production in Tendon-Derived Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain

The Roles of IL-22 and Its Receptor in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain

Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis

Composition, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of avocado oil obtained from Duke and Fuerte cultivars

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