Avirulent Isolate of Salmonella typhosa 58 (Panama Carrier)

Batson, H. C.; Landy, Maurice; Abrams, Arthur J.

doi:10.2307/4586967

Cited by 12 publications

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“…The Ty2 vaccine was effective against a homologous and a heterologous strain, while the HP vaccine, prepared from S. typhosa 58, immunized against 2 heterologous strains. The 3 strains involved (Ty2, 58, and 2593) differ in origin, date of isolation, history of handling, and in phage type (13,(36)(37)(38). However, despite quantitative differences, they all contain the 3 major antigens of the typhoid bacillus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Infection and Immunity in Experimental Typhoid Fever

Gaines

Landy

Edsall

et al. 1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A study was made of the efficacy of various antityphoid immunizing agents in immunizing chimpanzees against typhoid fever produced by feeding viable S. typhosa. It was found that both acetone-killed and heat-killed, phenol-preserved typhoid vaccines were effective in protecting against infection induced with either homologous or heterologous strains of typhoid bacilli. Purified O antigen induced no discernible protection, but some immunity was afforded by the administration of purified Vi antigen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Infection and Immunity in Experimental Typhoid Fever

Gaines

Landy

Edsall

et al. 1961

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…The virulent strain of S. typhosa, strain 58, was labeled 42-A-58 while the avirulent isolate was designated 42-A-58V. Batson et al (1949) have described the general characteristics of these cultures. S. typhosa, strain Ty 2, was used also in some experiments since this culture is employed in many laboratories as a representative typhoid strain capable of exhibiting maximum virulence for mice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1936 to August 1948, cultures of Salmonella typhosa isolated from a chronic typhoid carrier in Panama ("the Panama Carrier") were submitted periodically to the Army Medical Service Graduate School for routine examination. In July 1948, an isolate was received which was morphologically, biochemically, and antigenically similar to previous and subsequent samples except that it was essentially avirulent for mice (Batson et al, 1949). This observation was of interest since at that time it was generally considered that the antigenic structure of typhoid strains was the determinant of mouse virulence.…”

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confidence: 90%

Studies on the Virulence of a Naturally Occurring Mutant of Salmonella Typhosa

Formal¹,

Baron²,

Spilman³

1954

J Bacteriol

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“…Two pairs of strains were employed; each pair consisting of strains of high and low virulence as indicated by preliminary tests. One pair, strains 58 and 58V, were naturally occurring virulent and avirulent strains (8). The other pair, 58B and 58A, were virulent and avirulent strains resulting from growing the original strain 58 in a chemically defined medium with and without glucose, respectively (10).…”

Section: Cultures and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typhoid cultures examined for virulence included the Panama Carrier strain 58; strain 58V, an avirulent isolate of strain 58 (8); strain 58A, a W form culture of strain 58; and the British strains Ty2, O-901, and Vi I (Bhatnagar). These provided a complete array of strains virulent and avirulent for mice and included V and W forms and "0" and Vi types.…”

Section: Cultures and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Differences in Virulence of Strains of Salmonella Typhosa

Batson¹,

Landy²,

Brown³

1950

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In experimental immunology, it frequently is of interest to obtain quantitative estimates of the virulence of strains of microorganisms as evidenced by their ability to produce fatal infections in experimental animals. It is recognized that, in the broader sense, virulence is not a specific intrinsic attribute of an organism but is the result of a combination of a number of factors pertaining to the organism, the affected host, and the conditions (known or unknown) under which the pathological state is established. Nonetheless, when suitable laboratory animals are employed, and when the combination of experimental conditions is propitious, it can be demonstrated with some consistency that even closely related strains of organisms differ in their capability of producing experimental infections. For the purpose of this presentation, such differences in capability can be considered as differences in virulence of the organisms regardless of the true nature of the experimental infective process.Quantitative estimates of virulence have been employed by various workers in studying the relationship of this property to antigenic constitution, bacterial dissociation, and various epidemiological phenomena. Furthermore, it popularly is considered that the immunogenic activity of a strain of bacteria is directly related to its virulence. As a consequence, such tests are employed extensively as a control technique in routine production of bacterial vaccines and in searching for immunogenically superior strains.Mice have been widely accepted as the laboratory animals of choice for determining the virulence of strains of Salmonella typhosa and the testing procedures employed have been of two main types. The first, based on the intraperitoneal injection of graded doses of the organisms suspended in physiological saline, is utilized almost exclusively by British workers. The second, incorporating the use of hog gastric mucin as a suspending medium, has been employed by most American workers since the original reports of the technique by Nungester et al.(1) and of its application to typhoid by Rake (2). A third method, which was reported by Norton and Dingle (3) to show promise, is based on the intracerebral injection of the organisms without the aid of an adjuvant. This latter method has been used successfully in determining the virulence of strains of Hemophilus pertussis by Kendrick and her coworkers (4, 5) and as an experimental infective technique with Shigella dysenteriae by Dubos et al.

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Avirulent Isolate of Salmonella typhosa 58 (Panama Carrier)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Studies on Infection and Immunity in Experimental Typhoid Fever

Studies on Infection and Immunity in Experimental Typhoid Fever

Studies on the Virulence of a Naturally Occurring Mutant of Salmonella Typhosa

Determination of Differences in Virulence of Strains of Salmonella Typhosa

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