“…In addition, biofuels can also be produced from algae [37,38], from animal residue [39] or from CO 2 with water and solar energy (Solar to petrol-S2P) [40]. Continuously, jet fuel can be also produced by catalytic conversion of biomass hydrolysate in aqueous phase [41]. Furthermore, there are even more routes that can lead to branched paraffins though they are not adopted because of high cost levels, and lack of technological establishment.…”
“…In addition, biofuels can also be produced from algae [37,38], from animal residue [39] or from CO 2 with water and solar energy (Solar to petrol-S2P) [40]. Continuously, jet fuel can be also produced by catalytic conversion of biomass hydrolysate in aqueous phase [41]. Furthermore, there are even more routes that can lead to branched paraffins though they are not adopted because of high cost levels, and lack of technological establishment.…”
“…7 Furfural is a versatile chemical derived from pentosane-rich agricultural and forestry residues such as corn cobs, corn stover, saw dust, and straw. Despite the reported concerns in regards to the production of potential biofuels and fuel additives, such as 2-methylfuran, 8,9 g-valerolactone [10][11][12] and long chain hydrocarbons, 13 using furfural as a feedstock, conversion of furfural into valuable chemicals, such as dicarboxylic acid, [14][15][16] furfuryl alcohol 17 and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 18 -which has broad uses in polymer, rubber, and pharmaceutical applicationsattracted the interest of many researchers. Ultimately, it is agreed that the production and utilization of furfural would be benecial for mitigating the energy and environment crisis and increasing protability of a biorenery economical prots.…”
A resorcinol-formaldehyde resin carbon (RFC) catalyst with a well-developed, ordered, mesoporous framework was prepared using a soft template method at room temperature. The carbon was sulfonated in water using sulfanilic acid under mild atmospheric conditions. The sulfonated RFC (S-RFC) was characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, elemental analysis, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR. It was determined that S-RFC is an efficient solid acid catalyst for furfural production from xylose and corn stover in gvalerolactone (GVL). The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, substrate dosage and water concentration were investigated. 80% furfural yield and 100% xylose conversion were obtained from xylose at 170 C in 15 min with 0.5 g catalyst. Comparatively, 68.6% furfural yield was achieved from corn stover at 200 C in 100 min when using 0.6 g catalyst. Since there was no discernable decrease in furfural yield after multiple conversions utilizing the same catalyst, the recyclability of the catalyst is considered good.
“…This new catalytic system should provide greater improvements as we translate these results to a continuous‐flow reactor. Upon optimization and validation of this as a biomass‐derived molecule conversion technology, these catalyst systems will be assessed for their capabilities of converting real biomass‐derived feedstocks from thermochemical processes and hydrolysate …”
In this work, we describe a simple, heterogeneous catalytic system for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 5‐nonanone and 2,5‐hexanedione, which we use as model compounds for more complex biomass‐derived molecules. We present the stepwise reduction of ketones by using supported metal and solid acid catalysts to identify the intermediates en route to hydrocarbons. Although monoketone HDO can be achieved rapidly using moderate conditions (Ni/SiO2.Al2O3, HZSM‐5, 200 °C, 1.38 MPa H2, 1 h), quantitative γ‐polyketone HDO requires higher pressures and longer reaction times (Pd/Al2O3, HZSM‐5, 2.76 MPa H2, 5 h), although these are more facile conditions than have been reported previously for γ‐polyketone HDO. Stepwise HDO of the γ‐polyketone shows the reaction pathway occurs through ring‐closure to a saturated tetrahydrofuran species intermediate, which requires increased H2 pressure to ring‐open and subsequently to fully HDO. This work allows for further understanding of bio‐derived molecule defunctionalization mechanisms, and ultimately aids in the promotion of biomass as a feedstock for fuels and chemicals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.