Aviation Expertise and Age Differences in Memory

Morrow, Daniel G.; Leirer, Von O.; Altieri, Patsy; Fitzsimmons, Colleen

doi:10.1037/e665412011-320

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although performance on the probe response time and reading time measures varied with respect to condition, we did not observe any influence of age on the processing of completed goal information. This absence of a difference between the younger and older adults is consistent with previous research on situation models that has shown that younger and older adults are similar in the way they create situation models (Radvansky et al, 1990;Radvansky et al, 1996) and in their ability to update those situation models (Morrow et al, 1994). Furthermore, these resuits parallel those of Morrow et al (1994) in that, during reading, when a shift from one location to another was made, older adults were effective in reducing the availability of informarion in the previous location, much like the older adults in these experiments were able to reduce the availability of completed goal information.…”

Section: • Neutral D Completed • Palledsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…When a goal is completed, the information is wrong in the sense that it is not likely to be needed to draw further causal inferences to motivate a character's actions, but it is right in the sense that it is still needed to understand the story as a whole, as well as to answer the probe questions. Thus, our experiments are similar to the Morrow et al (1994) study in the sense that an understanding of all of the information presented in the text is needed in order to comprehend the whole story.…”

Section: • Neutral D Completed • Palledmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In an investigation of the ability to update a situation model, Morrow, Leirer, Altieri, and Fitzsimmons (1994) found that younger and older adults were similar in their use of situation models during narrative comprehension when that updating involves a shift of attention across a previously memorized spatial layout. This study was modeled after a series of experiments by Morrow, Bower, and their colleagues (e.g., Morrow, Bower, & Greenspan, 1989;Morrow, Greenspan, & Bower, 1987).…”

Section: Situation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Narrative comprehension and aging: The fate of completed goal information.

Radvansky¹,

Curiel²

1998

Psychology and Aging

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Previous research has shown that older adults are able to use situation models in a manner similar to younger adults. However, other areas of cognition have shown that older adults are less able to remove irrelevant information from the current stream of processing. Accordingly, the authors tested whether older and younger adults would differ in reducing the availability of information about a completed goal in a situation model during narrative comprehension. In 2 experiments, memory probes tested for the availability of protagonist goal information during reading when it was either failed goal, completed goal, or neutral information. The results for both age groups showed that goal information was most available in the failed goal condition, less available in the completed goal condition, and least available in the neutral condition. No reliable differences between younger and older adults in the pattern of response times were observed. Reading time data were also examined to explore the possibility that older adults engage in a longer wrap-up period after a goal is completed, but no such difference was found. Language comprehension proceeds at many different levels. Most researchers have distinguished among at least three: (a) the surface level, which is composed of the actual words and syntax used, (b) the propositional level, which captures the meaning of an utterance in an abstract form, and (c) the situation model, which captures the gist of the situation described by an utterance (e.g.,

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Section: • Neutral D Completed • Palledsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: • Neutral D Completed • Palledmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Situation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Narrative comprehension and aging: The fate of completed goal information.

Radvansky¹,

Curiel²

1998

Psychology and Aging

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“…Research on aging and situation model use has often found little to no differences in younger and older adults' use of situation models (e.g., Gilinsky & Judd, 1994;Morrow, Leirer, & Altieri, 1992;Morrow, Stine-Morrow, Leirer, Andrassy, & Kahn, 1997;Radvansky et al, in press;Radvansky, Gerard, Zacks, & Hasher, 1990;Radvansky, Zacks, & Hasher, 1996;Stine-Morrow, Loveless, & Soederberg, 1996). For example, and Radvansky et al (in press) found that while there were age-related deficits in verbatim and textbase memory, there was no age difference at the situation model level, with a nominal advantage for the older adults over the younger adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Aging and Situation Model Updating

Radvansky¹,

Copeland²,

Berish³

et al. 2003

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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“…The number of studies looking at the relationships among expertise, aging, and workload involving pilots as subjects has been small, but is now increasing (see Morrow, Leirer, & Altieri, 1992;Morrow, Leirer, Altieri, & Fitzsimmons, 1994;Tsang & Shaner, 1994;Tsang, 1995). However, there is still a need for systematic research programs involving pilots to investigate the relationships among these variables (Tsang, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Expertise and Age Effects on Pilot Mental Workload in a Simulated Aviation Task

Lassiter

Morrow

Hinson

et al. 1996

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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This study investigated the effects of expertise and age on cognitive resources relevant to mental workload of pilots engaged in simulated aviation tasks. A secondary task workload assessment methodology was used, with a PC-based flying task as the primary task, and a Sternberg choice reaction time task as the secondary task. A mixed design using repeated measures was employed, with age and expertise as between-subjects factors and workload as the within-subjects factor. Pilots ranging in age from 21 to 79 years and 28 to 1 1,817 hours of flight time served as subjects. Of interest was whether expertise would mitigate the adverse effect of aging on pilots' mental workload handling ability as defined by two measures of secondary task performance: choice reaction time and accuracy. Results indicated that expertise did mitigate the effects of age regarding secondary task accuracy. Implications of results are discussed, and directions for future research are presented.

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Aviation Expertise and Age Differences in Memory

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Narrative comprehension and aging: The fate of completed goal information.

Narrative comprehension and aging: The fate of completed goal information.

Aging and Situation Model Updating

Expertise and Age Effects on Pilot Mental Workload in a Simulated Aviation Task

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