Avian T cells: Antigen Recognition and Lineages

Smith, Adrian L.; Göbel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818708-1.00005-1

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…It is expressed only when an infection was detected by the innate immune system. Engagement of the T cell receptor through these 2 signals results in a series of signaling cascades that lead to T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and differentiation into effector cells ( Smith and Gobel, 2022 ). These protein cascades lead to the activation of transcription factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These protein cascades lead to the activation of transcription factors. Transcription factors involved in T cell signaling pathway are the NFAT, NF-κB and AP1 ( Smith and Gobel, 2022 ). Specifically, TCR activation results in the phosphorylation and activation of the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorylation of Lck can lead to the activation of two transcription factors, NFAT via phospholipase C and AP-1 through MAPK signaling pathway ( Salmond et al., 2009 ; Smith-Garvin et al., 2009 ; Nika et al., 2010 ; Van der Merwe and Dushek, 2011 ). The third transcription factor, NF-kB can be activated through the stimulation of the co-stimulatory molecule CD28 via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) pathway ( Smith and Gobel, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

Kogut

Genovese

Byrd

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Poultry is a major source of human foodborne illness caused by broad host range Salmonella serovars (paratyphoid), and developing cost-effective, pre-harvest interventions to reduce these pathogens would be valuable to the industry and consumer. Host responses to infectious agents are often regulated through phosphorylation. However, proteomic mechanisms of Salmonella acute infection biology and host responses to the bacteria have been limited concentrating predominately on the genomic responses of the host to infection. Our recent development of chicken-specific peptide arrays for kinome analysis of host phosphorylation-based cellular signaling responses provided us with the opportunity to develop a more detailed understanding of the early (4-24 h post-infection) host-pathogen interactions during the initial colonization of the cecum by Salmonella. Using the chicken-specific kinomic immune peptide array, biological pathway analysis showed infection with S. Enteritidis increased signaling related to the innate immune response, relative to the non-infected control ceca. Notably, the acute innate immune signaling pathways were characterized by increased peptide phosphorylation (activation) of the Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway, and the activation of the apoptosis signaling pathways. In addition, Salmonella infection induced a dramatic alteration in the phosphorylation events of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Lastly, there is also significant activation of the T cell receptor signaling pathway demonstrating the initiation of the acquired immune response to Salmonella infection. Based on the individual phosphorylation events altered by the early Salmonella infection of the cecum, certain conclusions can be drawn: (1) Salmonella was recognized by both TLR and NOD receptors that initiated the innate immune response; (2) activation of the PPRs induced the production of chemokines CXCLi2 (IL-8) and cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN-α, and IFN-γ; (3) Salmonella infection targeted the JAK-STAT pathway as a means of evading the host response by targeting the dephosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2 and STAT1,2,3,4, and 6; (4) apoptosis appears to be a host defense mechanism where the infection with Salmonella induced both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways; and (5) the T cell receptor signaling pathway activates the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor cascades, but not NFAT.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

Kogut

Genovese

Byrd

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…For T-cell stimulation, antigens have to be presented by professional APCs, mainly DCs or B cells through the MHC II, or by other infected cell types through the MHC class I molecule. The presented T-cell epitopes are recognized by the TCR, which is composed of two Ig superfamily domains (reviewed in [144]). The TCR has a high diversity comparable to the Ig on B cells, and consists of a combination of two chains (ab or cd).…”

Section: Acquired Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the signaling events induced by antigen contact require additional signals mediated through molecules with either costimulatory (including CD28 and ICOS receptors) or inhibitory (through CTL4, PD1, and BTLA) effects on the T-cell activity (reviewed in [144]), modifying its magnitude, quality, and duration. Members of the TNF family may also be involved in the regulatory process, but only little is known about these TNF receptor family members (for example CD30, OX40 and their respective ligands) in chickens (144), but the expression of OX40L has been described on activated chicken T cells (153). The selection of adjuvants may have an impact on this process.…”

Section: Acquired Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

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Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B-and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.RESUMEN. Estudio recapitulativo-Bases inmunológicas de la vacunación. La vacunación es crucial para la protección de la salud de las aves comerciales y por lo tanto, importante para mantener altos estándares de producción. Una vacunación adecuada requiere el conocimiento de los factores clave del sistema inmunológico bien orquestado de las aves, su interdependencia y su delicada regulación y posteriormente, los posibles modos de estimulación a través de antı genos y adyuvantes de las vacunas. El conocimiento sobre los sistemas inmunológicos innato y adquirido de las aves ha aumentado significativamente durante los últimos años, pero quedan preguntas abiertas que deben dilucidarse con profundidad. A pesar de las similitudes entre las especies de aves y mamı feros en la composición de células inmunes y modos de activación, existen diferencias importantes, incluidas las diferencias en la inmunidad innata, pero también en la inmunidad humoral y en la mediada por células, con respecto a las vı as de transducción de señales, la presentación de antı genos. y repertorios celulares. Para una estrategia de vacunación exitosa en las aves, siempre se debe considerar que el genotipo y la edad de las aves en el momento de la inmunización, ası como la composición de su microbiota pueden tener un impacto y pueden impulsar las reacciones inmunes en diferentes direcciones. Los logros recientes en la comprensión del concepto de inmunidad entrenada contribuirán al avance...

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Innate Immune Training in Chickens for Improved Defense against Pathogens: A Review

Yoshimura,

Nii,

Isobe

2024

J. Poult. Sci.

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The avian immune system plays a vital role in poultry production to obtain good productibility and products that are safe and of high quality. Historically, adaptive immunity has been the main target of vaccination. However, over the past decade, innate immunity has been reported to be enhanced in different animals through vaccination and feed additives. This enhancement is due to innate immune memory termed “trained immunity,” in which epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming play significant roles. Although reports on trained immunity in poultry are limited, several studies have suggested that vaccinations and feed additives affect the innate immunity. This review discusses the possible effects of vaccination and β-glucan on innate immunity for potential incorporation in advanced strategies to enhance the defense function in poultry while considering the information on trained immunity in mammals.

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Avian T cells: Antigen Recognition and Lineages

Cited by 4 publications

References 123 publications

Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Innate Immune Training in Chickens for Improved Defense against Pathogens: A Review

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