AVIAN POX IN BUZZARD (Accipiter nisus) IN IRAQ

Tantawi, H. H.; Sheikhly, S. Al; Hassan, Farrukh

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-17.1.145

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…By the negative staining technique it was possible to observe that all samples presented a great number of poxvirus particles. In studies with different avian species, the virus was observed in fragments of skin lesions by means of the same technique (Tantawi et al, 1981;Allwrigth et al, 1994;Terragino et al, 1999;Weli et al;Gulbahar et al;Catroxo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Poxvirus Under Transmission Electron Microscopy During Outbreak Period in Wild Birds, in São Paulo, Brazil

Catroxo¹,

Pongiluppi²,

Melo³

et al. 2009

Int. J. Morphol.

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Rebouças, M. M. CATROXO, M. H. B.; PONGILUPPI, T.; MELO, N. A.; MILANELO, L.; PETRELLA, S.; MARTINS, A. M. C. P. F. & REBOUÇAS, M. M. Identification of poxvirus under transmission electron microscopy during outbreak period in wild birds, in São Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):577-585, 2009. SUMMARY:Avianpox is a highly contagious disease infecting both commercial and wild birds, causing great damages to breeders and breeding. Caused by DNA viruses of the family Poxviridae, genus Avipoxvirus, if manifest through 3 forms, cutaneous, diphtheric and septicemic. In June 2003, during illegal commercialization of Brazilian birds, 800 wild birds (Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila caerulescens and Sporophila albogularis) were apprehended and being forwarded to the CRAS (Wild Animals Recovery Center), Tietê Ecological Park. After one month, birds presented cutaneous lesions in the beak and feet and anorexia, emaciation, locomotion difficulties, diarrhea, dehydration and death. Among the 800 birds, 500 died and 40 these (15 Paroaria dominicana, 15 Sporophila caerulescens and 10 Sporophila albogularis) were sent to the Electron Microscopy Laboratory of the Biology Institute of São Paulo, SP, to investigate viral agents. Scabs and fragments of skin lesions collected of theses birds were processed for transmission electron microscopy utilizing negative staining (rapid preparation), resin embedding and immunocitochemistry techniques. Under the transmission electron microscopy in all the analyzed samples it was visualized two types of poxvirus particles, M form, with regular spaced thread-like ridges comprising the exposed surface, measuring 280 x 230 nm; C form or stain-penetrated particle showing the dumbbell-shaped core surrounded by the outer envelope, measuring 360 x 330 nm. In the ultrathin sections obtained, three types of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were encountered: type A or Bollinger body, outlined by membrane, containing in its interior a great number of mature particles, measuring 200 x 300 nm, revealing the inner dumbbell-shaped core, two lateral bodies and an external envelope. In the type B electron dense inclusions bodies, viral particles budding of dense amorphous material were observed. Fibrillar inclusions constituted by groups of fibrils or lamellae were disposed in groups witch vary from 2 up to 5 e sometimes showed cross striations. A great number of vesicles, on the average measuring 1000 x 650 nm, containing in its interior granular material were also visualized. The nuclei were deformed and showed a marginalized chromatin. In the immunocytochemistry technique, the antigen-antibody was strongly enhanced by the dense gold particles over the viruses. CATROXO, M. H. B.; PONGILUPPI, T.; MELO, N. A.; MILANELO, L.; PETRELLA, S.; MARTINS, A. M. C. P. F. & REBOUÇAS, M. M. Identification of poxvirus under transmission electron microscopy during outbreak period in wild birds, in São Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):577-585, 2009.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Poxvirus Under Transmission Electron Microscopy During Outbreak Period in Wild Birds, in São Paulo, Brazil

Catroxo¹,

Pongiluppi²,

Melo³

et al. 2009

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…We noticed that there is no molecular characterization study of the FPV in Iraq. However, decades before today, researchers discussed the importance of studying the zoonotic FPV in Iraq (Al-Hyali et al, 2005;Tantawi et al, 1981). One Iraqi researcher only described the effect of the virus on chicken CAM, tissue culture, and histopathological influence of the virus on chicken and other wild bird species (Bayati, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological, molecular and phylogenic study of fowlpox virus in domesticated chickens of Tikrit City, Iraq

Hasan

Rasheed

Shakor³

2021

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Fowlpox virus (FPV) is one of the viruses affecting chickens worldwide, causing pathological and economic losses in the poultry industry. Viral lesions are easily recognizable by the eye and usually appear in the featherless areas, especially the head. Moreover, the virus could lead to blindness and mortality in some cases. This study diagnosed the suspected fowlpox cases, identified and classified the causative agent. We also analyzed the differences and similarities of closely related viruses at the neighboring and regional countries. Fifty samples were collected from three locations of Tikrit city from the domesticated chickens, which showed cutaneous lesions. Virus DNA was extracted directly from tissue samples before the nested PCR technique was performed. The virion core protein (P4b) gene is partially sequenced and analyzed with routine histological sectioning. Results showed that the virus causes pock lesions of dermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. Hyperplasia and congestion of the chorioallantoic membrane were also recorded. The study also showed that the DNA of FPV could be extracted directly from animal tissue without further purification. The sequence analysis showed that the FPV was confirmed in all samples clustered in clade A identical with Iranian and Egyptian isolates. In conclusion, this study approved that the virus belongs to the classical dermal type of poxviruses and the short genetic distances between viruses related to closely neighboring countries. We also concluded that the conservative P4b gene included mutation sites that make this gene practical for diagnosing the virus and phylogenetic analysis.

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“…The interaction between the strains and the different avian species has not been fully investigated. In nondomesticated species, avian pox has been described in a number of birds of prey (COOPER, 1978;GRAHAM and HALIWELL, 1978;TANTAWI et al, 1981;WHEELDON et al, 1985;SAMOUR and COOPER, 1993), in wild bobwhite quail (Colinus virginiunus) (DAVIDSON et al, 1980), in an American green-winged teal (Anus oecca carolinensis) (MORTON and DIETERICH, 1979), in immature grackles (Quiscalus sp.) (DOCHERTY et al, 1991), in Californian quail (Lophortyx cafifornicus) (CRAWFORD et al, 1979) and ostriches (Struthio camefus) (PERELMAN et al, 1988).…”

Section: Y Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epornitic of Avian Pox in Houbara Bustards: (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii)

Samour

Wernery

et al. 1996

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Summary An epornitic of avian pox occurred in a flock of 123 houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) received at the Sulman Falcon Hospital in the State of Bahrain in February 1993. Birds displayed conjunctivitis, excessive lacrimation and papilloma‐like growths forming amorphous clusters on the third eyelid and on the conjunctiva. Examination of eyelid samples under transmission electron microscopy revealed pox virus particles displaying the classical morphology of vaccinia‐avipox virions. Typical pox lesions were also detected 5 days post infection (p.i.) on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The virus titre on CAM was 107 focus‐forming units (FFU) /ml. In tissue culture, only a slight cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was detected 5 days p.i. The virus titre on cell cultures was 104.5 FFU/ml. The virus infection in cell culture appeared to be abortive and no CPE was seen after three passages in secondary chicken embryo fibroblasts. No neutralization of the cell‐grown virus was detected on serological studies using antisera directed against fowl, pigeon, canary and sparrowpox viruses. The discussion is framed around the different cultural properties of the houbara bustard pox virus isolate and its relationship to other known viral strains.

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AVIAN POX IN BUZZARD (Accipiter nisus) IN IRAQ

Abstract: Abstract:Avian pox virus was isolated from pox lesions on the beak and feet of a buzzard (Accipiter nisus).The virus was not lethal to chicken embryos and was not pathogenic to chickens and pigeons.

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Identification of Poxvirus Under Transmission Electron Microscopy During Outbreak Period in Wild Birds, in São Paulo, Brazil

Identification of Poxvirus Under Transmission Electron Microscopy During Outbreak Period in Wild Birds, in São Paulo, Brazil

Pathological, molecular and phylogenic study of fowlpox virus in domesticated chickens of Tikrit City, Iraq

An Epornitic of Avian Pox in Houbara Bustards: (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii)

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