Avian parasympathetic neurotrophic factors: Age-related increases and lack of regional specificity

Hill, Caryl E.; Hendry, Ian A.; Bonyhady, Rae E.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(81)90256-6

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The presence of the survival factor similar to that of eye extract has recently been reported in chick heart extract (Hill et al, 1981), conditioned medium of chick embryo heart cells (Adler and Varon, 1980), and whole chick embryo (Tuttle et al, 1980). We have also found a similar survival factor in gizzard extract.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antiserum Against Neurite Outgrowth Factor in Chick Gizzard Extract and Its Inhibitory Effect on Neuritic Response in Cultured Ciliary Neurons

Hayashi

Higashida

Kuo

et al. 1984

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Antiserum against a neurite outgrowth factor (NOF) of gizzard extract that promotes neurite outgrowth from dissociated ciliary ganglionic neurons (CG neurons) of 8-day-old chick embryo was prepared to determine whether or not the antiserum inhibits neurite outgrowth from cultured neurons or explants of chick and murine tissues. When CG neurons were cultured on a polyornithine-coated well exposed to NOF (NOF-bound POR well), marked neurite outgrowth was observed. When NOF-bound POR wells were exposed to antiserum, neurite outgrowth from CG neurons was gradually inhibited with increasing amounts of antiserum, while exposure to preimmune serum did not prevent neurite outgrowth. Antiserum had no effect on neuronal survival during a 48-h incubation. The diluted antiserum, which produced nearly 100% inhibition of the NOF activity, was almost equally active in suppressing the activity of NOFs in conditioned media (CM) of various chick embryo tissues, but showed much less inhibitory effects on NOFs in CM of murine tissues. The appearance of neurites from explants of spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, or retina of chick embryo was also inhibited by the antiserum. These results indicate that antiserum against NOF from gizzard extract suppressed the activity of NOFs from various sources, and that there are species differences in NOFs, at least between chick and murine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antiserum Against Neurite Outgrowth Factor in Chick Gizzard Extract and Its Inhibitory Effect on Neuritic Response in Cultured Ciliary Neurons

Hayashi

Higashida

Kuo

et al. 1984

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…One activity contained in isolated chromaffin vesicles can be separated on HPLC molecular sieve columns that also resembles CNTF in terms of molecular mass (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) wampmm embryonic target neurons being supported (4)(5)(6). These and the present findings suggest that CNTF may be a regular constituent of sympathoadrenal cells and their tumor analogues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Neuroblastoma cells contain a trophic factor sharing biological and molecular properties with ciliary neurotrophic factor.

Heymanns

Unsicker

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a protein supporting the in vitro survival of a characteristic spectrum of embryonic chicken and rat peripheral neurons. High-speed supernatants of extracts from two neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines-the mouse C 1300 N2a and the human IMR 32-mimic the effects of CNTF on identical target neurons. Promotion of survival is dose-dependent with an ED50 of 80 ,ug (IMR 32) and 140 ,Ag (C 1300 N2a) of protein per ml and saturable at plateau values for surviving neurons identical to those achieved with purified CNTF. Small amounts of a CNTF-like material are also detectable in medium conditioned by NB cells. The activity is destroyed by heat and trypsin and not blocked by antibodies to (mouse) nerve growth factor. Unlike the neurite-promoting and neuronal-survival modulating agent laminin, it cannot be depleted on poly(L-a-ornithine)-coated plastic surfaces. NB IMR 32 cell extracts were electrophoresed using NaDodSO4/ PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose. Ciliary ganglion neurons seeded on the blotting paper in culture medium lacking CNTF ("cell blot") exclusively survive on two distinct bands with apparent molecular masses of 24 and 48 kDa. Twenty-four kilodaltons is the molecular mass of a CNTF purified from rat sciatic nerve. These results suggest that NB cells may contain a CNTF-like protein and provide further evidence that neurons may store neurotrophic factors. Purified (chicken) CNTF failed to affect proliferation and neurite growth of NB cells. The biological relevance of CNTF for NB cells, therefore, remains to be elucidated.Naturally occurring cell death is a process during the development of the nervous system that is important for morphogenesis and the establishment of proper neuronal connections (1). In several neuronal systems investigated, neuronal cell death is determined to varying extents by neurotrophic factors (NTFs) that are made available to neurons by their respective target tissues. A well-documented example of a NTF is nerve growth factor (NGF) whose structure, synthesis, and functions have been most extensively studied (2). Extrapolating from NGF (and target organ)-regulated neuron death, it seems reasonable to suggest that neurons as target cells to other neurons may supply these with NTFs (1, 3). However, evidence for NTFs of neuronal origin is still scarce (3), a major reason possibly being that their demonstration requires purified, large and homogeneous populations of neurons.We have found that adrenal medullary chromaffin cellsi.e., modified sympathetic neurons-store and secrete trophic activities that support the in vitro survival of a large number of neurons dissociated from embryonic and neonatal peripheral and central nervous tissues (4-6). The molecular characteristics of these agents have only partially been revealed, but they do not seem to resemble NGF. Neuroblastoma (NB) cells are closely related to sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells. We report here that two NB cell lines, the human IMR 32 and mouse C 1300 N2a, contain a NTF activ...

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“…We find that large-scale isolation through ion-exchange chromatography offers a promising start for a purification which gives an acceptable recovery of activity. A number of other laboratories have also reported on promoters of nerve growth or neuronal survival found in tissue extracts of chick [Adler et al, 1979;Landa et al, 1980;Tuttle et al, 1980;Riopelle and Cameron, 1981;Hill et al, 1981;Nishi and Berg, 1981;Miki et al, 19811. Data on the partial purification of the factor described from chick eye tissues Barbin et al, 19811 are in reasonable agreement with our findings and may suggest that the neuronotrophic factors being studied in these laboratories are the same.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Nerve growth factors in chick tissues

Ebendal

Hedlund

Norrgren

1982

J of Neuroscience Research

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Bioassays of factors promoting nerve growth in embryonic ganglia are described. Chick embryo extract evokes fiber outgrowth in both sympathetic and ciliary ganglia explanted into a collagen gel. The response is not suppressed by antibodies directed against mouse nerve growth factor (NGF). Chick embryo extract also supported survival of neurons in both intact and dissociated ganglia. In addition to these non-NGF activities, preliminary evidence is presented for the release of a NGF-like factor from cultured iris of the adult chick.

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Avian parasympathetic neurotrophic factors: Age-related increases and lack of regional specificity

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Antiserum Against Neurite Outgrowth Factor in Chick Gizzard Extract and Its Inhibitory Effect on Neuritic Response in Cultured Ciliary Neurons

Antiserum Against Neurite Outgrowth Factor in Chick Gizzard Extract and Its Inhibitory Effect on Neuritic Response in Cultured Ciliary Neurons

Neuroblastoma cells contain a trophic factor sharing biological and molecular properties with ciliary neurotrophic factor.

Nerve growth factors in chick tissues

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