Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus) ‐ Infections in Falcons

Wernery, Ulrich; Remple, J. D.; Neumann, Ulrich; Alexander, D. J.; Manvell, R. J.; Kaaden, Oskar‐Rüger

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01152.x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Choi et al (2008) isolated NDV from the Eurasian Scops owl, and Lublin et al (2001) from the bearded vulture. Wernery et al (1992) isolated NDV from different species of falcons in the United Arab Emirates. However, there appears to be no report on the isolation of NDV from bald eagles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from raptors

Jindal¹,

Chander²,

Primus³

et al. 2010

Avian Pathology

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The present study was undertaken to detect and characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in raptors. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 60 casualty raptors during January to March 2009 in Minnesota. Inoculation of all these samples (n=120) in 9-day-old embryonated hens' eggs resulted in isolation of haemagglutinating viruses in three samples from two bald eagles and one great horned owl. These three haemagglutinating viruses were confirmed as NDV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using fusion gene-specific primers, and were negative for avian influenza virus by RT-PCR. Further characterization revealed that all three possessed (112)GKQGRL(117) at the fusion gene cleavage site, indicating that they were lentogenic strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all three isolates clustered with published class II genotype II NDVs. The nucleotide sequence homology of the three NDV isolates among themselves was 98.4 to 99.6% and the sequence homology with lentogenic strains from wild birds used for comparison varied between 94.5 and 100%. Detection of NDV strains from raptors merits further epidemiological studies to determine the prevalence of different NDV strains in raptors and their impact in relation to transmission to domestic poultry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from raptors

Jindal¹,

Chander²,

Primus³

et al. 2010

Avian Pathology

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“…ND signs were found in a moribund starling in Israel (Lipkind et al, 1987a); (Wernery et al, 1992); in three species of falcon in Dubai (Lipkind et al, 1987b); in naturally infected cormorants in Canada (Wobeser, 1997); in crows found in the vicinity of an outbreak of the disease in chickens in Bulgaria (Parvulov et al, 1995); in a cormorant in Canada (Pittel, 1997) and in double-crested cormorants in Alberta, Canada in 1999(Clavijo et al, 2001). …”

Section: Other Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of free-flying wild birds in the spread of the viruses of avian influenza, Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease from poultry products to commercial poultry

Gilchrist¹

2005

World's Poultry Science Journal

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It appears possible for free-flying native or feral wild birds to be responsible for direct or indirect spread of infectious agents from contaminated poultry product wastes to susceptible commercial poultry. Direct spread involves infected wild birds gaining access to commercial poultry. Indirect spread involves secondary spread to other free-flying birds that may subsequently gain access to commercial poultry. In analysing the level of risk of such spread consideration is given to three elements. These are the susceptibility of wild birds to infection by the agents concerned, the opportunity for susceptible species coming into direct or indirect contact with both poultry product wastes and commercial poultry, and the occurrence of actual cases of such spread. The scenario being considered is one in which poultry product wastes contain an infective dose of one of the agents of concern, namely avian influenza, Newcastle disease or infectious bursal disease. A review of the literature was undertaken to assist in assessing the likelihood of spread of these agents by wild birds. Exposure of wild birds, to any of the three viruses of concern at product waste disposal sites, is a potential threat but the likelihood of spread to commercial poultry appears to be low. More obvious means of spread occur in the poultry industry, as biosecurity is often rudimentary. Spread of infectious agent by fomites, live poultry and infected wild birds could well be involved in transmission of disease agents between farms. Where live bird poultry markets or semi-feral village poultry exist they provide an obvious means of spread of these agents and involvement of access of wild birds to poultry product wastes is probably of little importance. The likelihood of wild bird involvement in virus spread from poultry products could increase if a susceptible species with gregarious habits (flocking behaviour) leading to high population densities, were to frequent both poultry product waste disposal sites and commercial poultry premises. Some passerines are likely to frequent waste Virus spread by wild birds from poultry products: P. Gilchrist disposal facilities and poultry premises, but it appears that different species congregate at poultry premises than at waste disposal sites. There is little evidence of spread of disease from waste poultry products to commercial poultry premises having occurred.

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“…The results obtained failed to show any molecular basis associated with the F2/F1 cleavage site or the HN extension that would explain the apparent low pathogenicity for chickens of many PPMV-1 viruses on initial isolation and, for some viruses, the increase in pathogenicity on passage through chickens. Other APMV-1 viruses isolated from non-poultry hosts have been reported to show lower than expected indices in pathogenicity index tests [11,18] and it may be that host adaptation is necessary for these viruses to show their full virulence. However, it is difficult to speculate by what mechanisms this could occur and why several passages are often necessary before high pathogenicity for chickens is achieved.…”

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confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the molecular basis of pathogenicity of the variant Newcastle disease viruses termed ?pigeon PMV-1 viruses?

Collins

Strong

Alexander

1994

Archives of Virology

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119

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The amino acid sequence at the F2/F1 cleavage site was determined for 15 strains of the so-called pigeon PMV-1 (PPMV-1) variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which showed close antigenic identity, determined by their reactions with a panel of 28 monoclonal antibodies, but considerable variation in their pathogenicity for chickens. Thirteen of the isolates possessed the motif 112G-R-Q-K-R-F117. This motif was seen for one virus which had initially low pathogenicity and remained unaltered when virulence of the virus for chickens was increased by bird to bird passage. The two other viruses had the sequence 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site which is more typical of virulent viruses, however, pathogenicity index tests indicated that these isolates were of moderate and low pathogenicity. The nucleotide sequence coding for the HN/HN0 extension region was determined for two of the PPMV-1 isolates. In both cases a stop codon was present indicating that the product for these viruses would be HN571. We conclude that the wide variation in pathogenicity of the variant PPMV-1 for chickens is not related to variation in the amino acid motif at the F2/F1 cleavage site nor due to production of HN0 which may also influence pathogenicity. The high virulence of some of the viruses examined confirms that a double pair of basic amino acids in the region of the F2/F1 cleavage site is not necessary for the full expression of virulence.

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Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus) ‐ Infections in Falcons

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Isolation and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from raptors

Isolation and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from raptors

Involvement of free-flying wild birds in the spread of the viruses of avian influenza, Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease from poultry products to commercial poultry

Evaluation of the molecular basis of pathogenicity of the variant Newcastle disease viruses termed ?pigeon PMV-1 viruses?

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