Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 Isolates from the Spinal Cord of Parrots Display a Very Low Virulence

Grund, Christian; Werner, Ortrud; Gelderblom, Hans R.; Grimm, Fritz; Kösters, J

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00596.x

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…APMV 1, 2, 3, 5 types occur more often among freeliving birds, showing variable symptoms or remaining asymptomatic (Shihmanter et al;Grund et al, 2002;Beck et al;Greenacre, 200;Zhang et al;Jung et al).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Research in Brazilian Owls (Tyto alba and Rhinoptynx clamator) by Transmission Electron Microscopy

et al. 2010

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SUMMARY:The barn-owl (Tyto Alba) and striped-owl (Rhinoptynx clamator) belong respectively to the families Tytonidae and Strigidae. Avian paramyxoviruses have been isolated from a variety of species of wild and domestic birds wordlwide causing diverse clinical symptoms and signs. Paramyxoviruses belong to the family Paramyxoviridae and Avulovirus genus, including nine serotypes (APMV 1 to 9). The lymphoid leukosis is a retrovirus-induced neoplasia. The avian retroviruses belong to the Retroviridae family and to the Alpharetrovirus genus. Coronaviruses can cause respiratory and enteric disease in several species of birds. They belong to the Coronaviridae family and to the groups 3a e 3c. In this study, we describe the presence of viruses in four owls, two barn owls (Tyto alba) and two striped owls (Rhinoptynx clamator), rescued from tree-lined streets of Sao Paulo, Brazil and sent to the Recovery Center of Wild Animals of the Tietê Ecological Park, where the animals died. Fragments of lung, liver and small intestine of these birds were processed for transmission electron microscopy utilizing negative staining (rapid preparation), immunoelectron microscopy and immunocitochemistry techniques. Under the transmission electron microscopy paramyxovirus particles, pleomorphic, roughly spherical or filamentous, measuring 100 to 500 nm of diameter containing an envelope covered by spikes, an herring-bone helical nucleocapsidlike structure, measuring 15 to 20 nm in diameter, were visualized in the samples of lung, liver and small intestine of all owls. In small intestine samples of the two striped-owl (owls 3 and 4) it was detected pleomorphic coronavirus particles with a diameter of 75-160 nm containing a solar corona-shaped envelope, with projections of approximately 20 nm of diameter. In liver fragments of one striped-owl (owl 4) pleomorphic particles of retrovirus with a diameter of 80-145 nm containing an envelope with short projections and diameter of 9 nm were observed. The presence of aggregates formed by antigen-antibody interaction, characterized the positive result obtained during the immunoelectron microscopy technique for paramyxovirus, retrovirus and coronavirus. In the immunocytochemistry technique, the antigen-antibody interaction was strongly enhanced by the dense colloidal gold particles over these viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Research in Brazilian Owls (Tyto alba and Rhinoptynx clamator) by Transmission Electron Microscopy

et al. 2010

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“…Several clinical signs and symptoms were described, such as depression, diarrhea, anorexia, ruffled feathers, oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis, dyspnea, ataxia, muscle tremors, abnormal movements, torticollis, paralysis and death in parrot, macaw, cockatiel, canure (Alexander, 1988;Panigrah et al;Grund et al, 2002;Clavijo et al, 2000;Greenacre et al, 2005), house sparrow (Khalaffala et al, 1990a, b) and dove (Terregino et al, 2003;Marlie & Vangevogel, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Paramyxoviruses: Detection by Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques

Catroxo¹,

Martins²,

Petrella³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:Diseases caused by avian paramyxovirus (APMV) occur in commercial, captive and wild birds worldwide, demonstrating the significant economic and ecological importance of these agents. Paramyxoviruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, Paramyxovirinae subfamily and Avulavirus genus. During the period 2000 to 2011, stool and small intestine samples of 1647 birds species were sent to the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Biological Institute of São Paulo, Brazil, for diagnosis of viral agents. The samples were processed by negative staining (rapid preparation) and resin embedding techniques. Under the transmission electron microscope by negative staining technique, in 294 (17.8%) samples of 1647 were visualized paramyxovirus particles pleomorphic, roughly spherical or filamentous, measuring 100 to 500 nm of diameter containing an envelope covered with spikes and characteristic helical herring-bone-like nucleocapsid measuring 15 to 20 nm in diameter. Ultrathin sections of the small intestine fragments revealed the presence of amorphous granular intracytoplasmic inclusions surrounded by membrane and containing viral nucleocapsid measuring 10-14 nm in diameter. Immature particles budding from cell membranes, pleomorphic, spherical and tubular particles containing viral nucleocapsid strands, and the complete particles measured up to 170 nm in diameter were seen in the cytoplasm. Intranuclear inclusions containing viral nucleocapsid were also visualized. Nuclei showed a marginalized chromatin.

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“…It has been found in about 60 species belonging to 20 different psittacine genera (Lutz & Wilson, 1991;Cazayoux Vice, 1992;Gregory et al, 1994;Sullivan et al, 1997;Berhane et al, 2001;Lierz, 2005;Lublin et al, 2006, Lierz et al, 2010, but also in some non-psittacine bird species (Staeheli et al, 2010). Since its first description in the late 1970s several viruses (adenovirus, herpesvirus, polyomavirus, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses, paramyxovirus types 1 and 3) (Mannl et al, 1987;Cazayoux Vice, 1992;Gregory, 1995;Sullivan et al, 1997;Gregory et al, 1998;Grund et al, 2002;Gough et al, 2006;Lublin et al, 2006;Orosz & Dahlhausen, 2007) have been proposed to be the aetiologic agent of the disease, but this was not proven for any of these viral agents. However, results of two first experimental infections of a small number of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and Patagonian conures (Cyanoliseus patagonis) provided evidence for the aetiological role of ABV in the development of PDD (Gancz et al, 2009;Gray et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of avian bornavirus infection in captive psittacines in various European countries and its association with proventricular dilatation disease

et al. 2011

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A total of 1442 live birds and 73 dead birds out of 215 bird collections in Spain, Germany, Italy, the UK and Denmark were tested for avian bornavirus (ABV) infection by four different methods. The majority of the birds were psittacines belonging to 54 different genera of the order Psittaciformes. In total, 22.8% of the birds reacted positive for ABV in at least one of the tests. Combined testing of swabs from the crop and cloaca, and serum for the diagnosis of ABV infection in live birds revealed that virus shedding and antibody production coincided in only one-fifth of the positive birds so that the examination of these three samples is recommended for reliable ABV diagnosis. By statistical analysis of this large number of samples, the ABV infection proved to be highly significant (P B0.001) associated with histopathologically confirmed proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in dead birds as well as with clinically assumed PDD in live birds. However, ABV infection was also detected in psittacines without pathological lesions or clinical signs of PDD. Twelve non-psittacine birds belonging to the genera Aburria, Ciconia, Geopelia, Leucopsar and Pavo were tested negative for ABV infection. Within the order of Psittaciformes, birds belonging to 33 different genera reacted positive for ABV. In 16 of these psittacine genera, the ABV infection was demonstrated for the first time. The present study emphasizes the widespread occurrence of clinically variable ABV infections in Europe by analysing a large number of specimens from a broad range of bird species in several assays.

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Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 Isolates from the Spinal Cord of Parrots Display a Very Low Virulence

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Viral Research in Brazilian Owls (Tyto alba and Rhinoptynx clamator) by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Viral Research in Brazilian Owls (Tyto alba and Rhinoptynx clamator) by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Avian Paramyxoviruses: Detection by Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques

Occurrence of avian bornavirus infection in captive psittacines in various European countries and its association with proventricular dilatation disease

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