Avian Open-Field Research and Related Effects of Environmental Novelty: An Annotated Bibliography, 1960–1988

Jones, Robert B.

doi:10.1007/bf03395891

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The OF or novel environment is a commonly used, though controversial, method of estimating fear. It involves transient isolation and exposure to an unfamiliar and normally barren environment under the assumption that more fearful birds will show greater inhibition of behavior (Faure et al, 1983;Jones, 1989b). Tonic immobility is a temporary state of motor inhibition and reduced responsiveness induced by brief physical restraint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate on Adrenocortical Activation and Fear-Related Behavior in Broiler Chickens

1994

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The effects of supplemental ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (APP) on adrenocortical function and underlying fearfulness in broiler chickens were assessed in a number of test situations. Chicks pretreated for a minimum of 24 h with APP (1,000 ppm equivalents of L-ascorbic acid) in their drinking water or with no APP (tap water controls; CON) had blood samples taken immediately following water treatment and again after exposure to a capture and cooping stressor for 10 min. First, although the cooping stressor markedly increased plasma corticosterone concentrations, pretreatment with APP failed to attenuate this adrenocortical response. Second, APP-treated chicks showed less freezing and vocalized sooner in an open field (novel environment) than did controls. They also showed nonsignificant tendencies toward accelerated and enhanced ambulation. Third, supplementation with APP reduced the duration of the birds' tonic immobility fear reactions. Collectively, these behavioral effects are indicative of dampened fear. The apparent reduction of nonspecific, underlying fearfulness by APP treatment may have important implications for poultry welfare and performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate on Adrenocortical Activation and Fear-Related Behavior in Broiler Chickens

1994

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“…Behaviour in an open field, used to assess fearfulness in domestic fowl ( Jones, 1989), may provide a clue to the behavioural difference between the treated and control chicks. The treated chicks exhibited less latency to ambulate and to defecate in the open-field test, together with more vocalisation, suggesting that they were more anxious than control chicks (Zhang et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surgery for cannula implantation into the hypothalamus on the behaviour and neural activity of broiler chicks

Khalil

Ichijo

Yoshizawa

et al. 2010

British Poultry Science

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1. The effects of a surgical operation, to implant a guide cannula in the chick hypothalamus for microdialysis, on behavioural responses and neural activity in broiler chicks are described. 2. General behavioural activities (feeding, preening, sitting, drinking, cage pecking and beak wiping), open field and locomotor activity tests were conducted to evaluate the effects related to surgery in the immediate 4 d following this procedure. Perfusion of Ringer solution with high K(+) after 4 d of guide cannula implantation was used to estimate the neural activity resulting from surgery through stimulation of monoamine release by in vivo brain dialysis. 3. The results of direct behavioral observations indicated that the stress provoked by surgical guide cannula insertion caused behavioural alterations that are particularly evident in the immediate days following this procedure. Open-field tests on day 4 after surgery showed that, compared to the intact control chickens, the treated chicks had a shorter latency to ambulate and defecate, with more vocalisation. Locomotor activity was less in the treated chicks than in the controls. 4. After 4 d of guide cannula implantation, the serotonin concentration started to increase 30 min after the onset of perfusing high-K(+) Ringer solution. It reached its highest value at one hour, suggesting that the 4 d after surgery is enough to alleviate some neurochemical dysfunction resulting from surgery. The results of behavioural observations, open-field and locomotor activity tests indicate that the surgical operation caused stress and fear in chicks which persisted up to 4 d.

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“…The test has been traditionally used to estimate fear (emotionality), although the interpretation ofopen-field behavior is a controversial issue. Indeed, researchers have evoked several behavioral constructs to explain their data; these have included fear, arousal, social motivation, predator evasion, exploration, and territorial marking (Archer, 1973;Gallup & Suarez, 1980;Gray, 1979;Jones, 1987aJones, , 1989Walsh & Cummins, 1976). However, these interpretations are not mutually incompatible, and it has been argued that fear may represent a common motivational state (Jones, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that the open-field responses ofyoung chicks may represent potential selection criteria for future commercial breeding programs (Faure, 1980). Here, however, there has also been considerable diversity in the types of open field used in different laboratories (Jones, 1989), and the floors either have remained unmarked or have been subdivided by white or black lines into squares, rectangles, circles, or various other shapes (Archer, 1976;Faure, 1981;Gallup, Ledbetter, & Maser, 1976;Jones & Waddington, 1992;Sanberg, Faulks, Anson, & Mark, 1982). The nature of the substrate used in the open field is already known to be influential, with chicks showing greater ambulation when it consisted of wood shavings or wire mesh rather than paper (Jones & Black, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in Experiment 1, we recorded the open-field responses of individually tested lO-day-old female chicks as a function of the presence or absence of black lines painted on a gray floor and of their width (lor 3 mm). However, chicks are also frequently tested in pairs, trios, or even larger groups (Jones, 1989). The presence of social companions in the open field has been reported to reduce fear, to modify vocalization and locomotory behavior, and to increase pecking at food and nonfood items by domestic chicks (Hogan & Abel;1971;Jones, 1983Jones, , 1989Jones & Merry, 1988;Tolman, 1965;Wilson, 1968).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Open-field behavior in domestic chicks tested individually or in pairs: Differential effects of painted lines delineating subdivisions of the floor

Jones

Carmichael

1997

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Avian Open-Field Research and Related Effects of Environmental Novelty: An Annotated Bibliography, 1960–1988

Cited by 29 publications

References 114 publications

Effects of Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate on Adrenocortical Activation and Fear-Related Behavior in Broiler Chickens

Effects of Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate on Adrenocortical Activation and Fear-Related Behavior in Broiler Chickens

Effect of surgery for cannula implantation into the hypothalamus on the behaviour and neural activity of broiler chicks

Open-field behavior in domestic chicks tested individually or in pairs: Differential effects of painted lines delineating subdivisions of the floor

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