“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that the open-field responses ofyoung chicks may represent potential selection criteria for future commercial breeding programs (Faure, 1980). Here, however, there has also been considerable diversity in the types of open field used in different laboratories (Jones, 1989), and the floors either have remained unmarked or have been subdivided by white or black lines into squares, rectangles, circles, or various other shapes (Archer, 1976;Faure, 1981;Gallup, Ledbetter, & Maser, 1976;Jones & Waddington, 1992;Sanberg, Faulks, Anson, & Mark, 1982). The nature of the substrate used in the open field is already known to be influential, with chicks showing greater ambulation when it consisted of wood shavings or wire mesh rather than paper (Jones & Black, 1979).…”