Avian liver organochlorine and PCB from South coast of the Caspian Sea, Iran

Abstract

Liver samples (n = 43) of 9 avian species representing the families Phalacrocoracidae, Podicipedidae, Laridae, and Anatidae, were collected from the Iranian coast of the Caspian Sea. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), and seven PCB congeners. p,p'-DDE was predominantly found in all species, at concentrations ranging from the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 340 ng/g ww. Most frequently encountered PCB congeners, in all samples, were 118, 153 and 138; and birds in Phalacrocoracidae had the highest liver PCB (mean 90 +/- 32; ranging from <LOQ to 106 ng/g ww) whereas Podicipedidae had the highest OCP (mean 147 +/- 49; ranging from <LOQ to 340 ng/g ww) (P < 0.05). Differences in the diet, and migratory routes, were important species-specific factors that affected hepatic concentration of OCP and PCB in the species we studied. Range of OCP and PCB concentrations in the present study was lower than those reported for birds in other regions of the world. Hepatic PCB concentration found in our avian species was below toxic effect levels that have been previously reported in birds. To our knowledge this is the first report of persistent organochlorine pollutants in liver of birds from Iran.

PCB residues in the tissues of sea ducks wintering on the south coast of the Baltic Sea, Poland

“…Research conducted in various regions of the world indicates that PCBs are still present in the marine environment (Falkowska et al 2016 ; Huber et al 2015 ; Robinson et al 2015 ; Roscales et al 2016 ; Wolschke et al 2015 ; Zheng et al 2018 ) (Table 5 ). Wilson et al ( 2010 ) and Rajaei et al ( 2010 ) reported that the liver of birds from South coast of British Columbia, Canada and Caspian Sea contained 10–30 ng PCBs/g ww. For comparison, the concentration of PCBs in eggs of Common eider from Røst, Norway was 2-fold higher: 76.9 ng/g ww (Huber et al 2015 ).…”

Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant in a Chemical Industry Zone: Source, Distribution, and Removal

“…The amounts of wastewater discharged into the WWTP were about 8,000 m 3 per day. 19), respectively. The working standard solutions were prepared by diluting appropriate volumes of the standard PCB mixture with HPLC-grade nhexane.…”

“…In this zone, the wastewater discharged by pigment and dyeing chemical industries accounts for about 70% of the total industrial wastewater. Data provided by US EPA and other workers indicate that PCBs have been found in various color dyestuff and pigments [3,[17][18][19]. Rodenburg and colleagues knew PCB-11 was linked to the manufacture of diarylide yellow pigments [3].…”

“…Firstly, we investigated the PCBs in the WWTP contributed by the dyeing chemical industry. Then the indicator PCBs, dioxin-like PCB congeners and three lightly chlorinated biphenyls 15,19) and total PCBs (from Mono-CBs to Deca-CBs) were quantitatively analyzed both in wastewater and sludge at each treatment stage in the WWTP. The distribution of PCBs between the dissolved and adsorbed phases in the influent and effluent of each treatment stage was investigated as well.…”