Avian influenza H9N2 subtype in Ghana: virus characterization and evidence of co-infection

Awuni, Joseph A.; Bianco, Alice; Dogbey, O.; Fusaro, Alice; Yingar, Daniel T; Salviato, Annalisa; Ababio, Patrick Tetteh; Milani, Adelaide; Bonfante, Francesco; Monne, Isabella

doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1624687

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Interestingly, LPAIV H9N2 in co-infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) caused a significant drop in egg production and high mortality on several layer farms in the Ashanti region a few months after the current study had been finalised. The current study suggests that this virus has not previously circulated in the farms visited but likely was recently introduced into the chicken population, highlighting the consequences of low biosafety measures on farms [29]. Unrestricted moving of AIV-infected live chickens between farms and markets may have played a key role in spreading LPAIV in the country and increase public health risks [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and serological prevalence of influenza A viruses in poultry and poultry farmers in the Ashanti region, Ghana

Ayim-Akonor

May

Krumkamp

et al. 2019

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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For an analysis of the prevalence of influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulating in chickens and their farmers in the Ashanti region, Ghana, we examined 2,400 trachea and cloaca swabs (chickens) and 102 oropharyngeal swabs (farmers) by qRT-PCR. Sera from 1,200 (chickens) and 102 (farmers) were analysed for IAV antibodies by ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI). Avian influenza virus (AIV) was detected in 0.2% (n = 5) of chickens but not farmers. Virus detection was more pronounced in the cloacal (n = 4, 0.3%) than in tracheal swabs (n = 1, 0.1%). AIV antibodies were not detected in chickens. Two farmers (2.0%) tested positive to human seasonal IAV H1N1pdm09. Sixteen (15.7%) farmers tested seropositive to IAV of which 68.8% (n = 11) were due to H1N1pdm09-specific antibodies. AIV H5-or H7-specific antibodies were not detected in the farmers. Questionnaire evaluation indicated the rare usage of basic personal protective equipment by farmers when handling poultry. In light of previous outbreaks of zoonotic AIV in poultry in Ghana the open human-animal interface raises concern from a OneHealth perspective and calls for continued targeted surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and serological prevalence of influenza A viruses in poultry and poultry farmers in the Ashanti region, Ghana

Ayim-Akonor

May

Krumkamp

et al. 2019

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…Sequence analyses identified the H9N2 subtype of IAV in the poultry samples. Additionally, H9N2 virus was successfully isolated from two of the samples [104]. A highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus H5N1 was reported from symptomatic chickens after an outbreak in the Accra region.…”

Section: Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.

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“…Information extracted from the scientific literature In Ghana, the A(H9N2) viruses were isolated in 2017-2018 from the outbreaks in chicken layers, in which a high mortality rate (up to 25%) and significant decrease in egg production were noted (Awuni et al, 2019). Information extracted from the scientific literature In Ghana, the A(H9N2) viruses were isolated in 2017-2018 from the outbreaks in chicken layers, in which a high mortality rate (up to 25%) and significant decrease in egg production were noted (Awuni et al, 2019).…”

Section: Human Infections Due To A(h7n9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information extracted from the scientific literature In Ghana, the A(H9N2) viruses were isolated in 2017-2018 from the outbreaks in chicken layers, in which a high mortality rate (up to 25%) and significant decrease in egg production were noted (Awuni et al, 2019). Molecular characterization revealed the close relatedness of the isolated A(H9N2) virus strains to the G-1 lineage viruses detected elsewhere in north and west Africa.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview February– August 2019

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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Between 16 February and 15 August 2019, five HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks at poultry establishments in Bulgaria, two low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Denmark and one in captive birds in Germany, one LPAI A(H7N3) outbreak in poultry in Italy and one LPAI A(H7N7) outbreak in poultry in Denmark were reported in Europe. Genetic characterisation reveals that viruses from Denmark cluster with viruses previously identified in wild birds and poultry in Europe; while the Italian isolate clusters with LPAI viruses circulating in wild birds in Central Asia. No avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds were notified in Europe in the relevant period for this report. A decreased number of outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Africa and the Middle East was reported during the time period for this report, particularly during the last three months. Furthermore, only six affected wild birds were reported in the relevant time period of this report. Currently there is no evidence of a new HPAI virus incursion from Asia into Europe. However, passive surveillance systems may not be sensitive for early detection if the prevalence or case fatality in wild birds is very low. Therefore, it is important to encourage and maintain passive surveillance in Europe encouraging a search for carcasses of wild bird species that are in the revised list of target species in order to detect any incursion of HPAI virus early and initiate warning. No human infections due to HPAI viruses -detected in wild birds and poultry outbreaks in Europe -have been reported during the last years and the risk of zoonotic transmission to the general public in Europe is considered very low.

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Avian influenza H9N2 subtype in Ghana: virus characterization and evidence of co-infection

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Molecular and serological prevalence of influenza A viruses in poultry and poultry farmers in the Ashanti region, Ghana

Molecular and serological prevalence of influenza A viruses in poultry and poultry farmers in the Ashanti region, Ghana

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Avian influenza overview February– August 2019

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