Avian Influenza A Virus Associations in Wild, Terrestrial Mammals: A Review of Potential Synanthropic Vectors to Poultry Facilities

Root, J. Jeffrey; Shriner, Susan A.

doi:10.3390/v12121352

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Raccoons, skunks, opossums, and coyotes are also generalist mesopredators frequently encountered in urban and peri-urban areas ( 15) , and reasons why these species were less represented in this study are unclear. Although serological evidence of exposure to avian influenza viruses has been documented in a variety of wild mammal species, few experimental trials have investigated the susceptibility of wild mammals to avian influenza viruses, and even fewer specifically to H5N1 HPAIv ( 16 ). Further studies on the susceptibility of mammalian species to infection with the currently circulating strains of H5N1 HPAIv may be warranted, especially in light of the unprecedented reassortment of the Newfoundland-like virus with North American wild bird origin influenza viruses ( 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022

Elsmo¹,

Wünschmann²,

Beckmen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This article describes the first detections of disease due to natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv) H5N1 of the Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during 2021-2022. Affected mammalian species include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals primarily exhibited neurological signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022

Elsmo¹,

Wünschmann²,

Beckmen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Moreover, access of feral or wild animals to poultry houses, identified here as a risk factor, has been previously described as a plausible route for H9 virus transmission 43 . A review study pointed out the role of wild and terrestrial animals in the potential replication and shedding of AIVs, highlighting that these animals are able to replicate and shed high-titres of multiple AIV subtypes without any prior viral adaptation 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Village and farm-level risk factors for avian influenza infection on backyard chicken farms in Bangladesh

Gupta

Barua

Fournié

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 small-scale poultry farmers across 42 Bangladeshi villages to explore risk factors associated with avian influenza H5 and H9 seropositivity on backyard chicken farms. Using mixed-effects logistic regression with village as random effect, we identified crow abundance in garbage dumping places and presence of migratory wild birds within villages to be associated with higher odds of H5 and H9 seropositivity. At farm-level, garbage around poultry houses was also associated with higher odds of H5 and H9 seropositivity. In addition, specific trading practices (such as, purchase of chickens from live bird markets (LBM) and neighboring farms to raise them on their own farms, frequency of visits to LBM, purchase of poultry at LBM for consumption) and contact of backyard chickens with other animals (such as, feeding of different poultry species together, using pond water as drinking source for poultry, access of feral and wild animals to poultry houses) were associated with higher odds of H5 or H9 seropositivity. Resource-constrained small-scale poultry farmers should be able to address risk factors identified in this study without requiring large investments into poultry management, thereby reducing the likelihood of avian influenza virus transmission and ultimately occurrence of avian influenza outbreaks.

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“…HPAI had remained a disease of domestic poultry until an H5N1 strain of HPAI was found in domestic geese in China (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage H5Nx viruses) and has since caused morbidity and mortality in wild birds as well [92,94]. LPAI viruses have been identified in a wide range of other birds and mammals, including felines, canines, suids, equines, and mustelids [95][96][97]. The local spread and evolution of LPAI viruses can lead to continental-scale distribution [98].…”

Section: Avian Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Clemmons

Alfson

Dutton

2021

Animals

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Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.

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Avian Influenza A Virus Associations in Wild, Terrestrial Mammals: A Review of Potential Synanthropic Vectors to Poultry Facilities

Cited by 13 publications

References 85 publications

Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022

Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022

Village and farm-level risk factors for avian influenza infection on backyard chicken farms in Bangladesh

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

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