Avian influenza A in poultry stalls of Lahore District, Pakistan in 2009–2010

Chaudhry, Mamoona; Rashid, Hamad Bin; Angot, Angélique; Thrusfield, Michael; Welburn, Susan C.; Bronsvoort, Barend M. deC.; Capua, Ilaria; Cattoli, Giovanni; Eisler, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2017.03.008

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…As previously reported 15 , the overall virus prevalence of H9 virus was 10.0% (CI 95% : 5.61%–14.39%). The highest individual town-level prevalence was recorded in Ravi town (17.1%; CI 95% : 4.4%–29.8%), while the lowest prevalence was seen in Gulberg and Aziz Bhatti towns (2.8%; CI 95% : 2.7–8.4%) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…As previously reported, the overall prevalence of H9 in LBRS in Lahore was 10% 15 , higher than the 2.5% prevalence reported from China 23 , but lower than the 16.5% prevalence reported in Bangladesh 5 . Differences in these prevalence estimates in various countries could reflect diverse risk factors e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…We previously demonstrated the presence of avian influenza A subtype H9 at an overall prevalence of 10% in gallinaceous poultry in LBM of Lahore District, Pakistan, with individual town prevalences varying from 2.85% to 17.1% 15 . We also very briefly summarized a number of characteristics of individual LBRS of potential relevance for AIV infection, but made only a cursory attempt to relate these to infection status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Individual stalls are scattered throughout the urban and rural areas; however, in some areas several stalls are located in the same vicinity and collectively comprise a large LBM. These stalls mostly sell commercial broiler and indigenous chicken breeds, but in some markets, quails, turkeys, house sparrows and ducks are also sold alongside broiler birds 15 . The risk of AIV is higher in these multi-species stalls due to poor biosecurity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Avian Influenza H9 Infection of Chickens in Live Bird Retail Stalls of Lahore District, Pakistan 2009–2010

Chaudhry

Rashid

Angot

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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This study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with AIV infections in live bird retail stalls (LBRS) in Lahore District, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey of LBRS was conducted from December 2009-February 2010 using two-stage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size. A total of 280 oropharyngeal swab sample pools were collected from 1400 birds in 8 clusters and tested by qRT-PCR for the matrix (M) gene of type A influenza virus and HA gene subtypes H9, H5 and H7. Thirty-four (34) samples were positive for the M gene, of which 28 were also positive for H9. No sample was found positive for H5 or H7. Data for 36 potential risk factors, collected by questionnaire, were analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (OR) for associated risk factors were calculated. A final multivariable model identified three risk factors for H9 infection in LRBS, namely obtaining birds from mixed sources (OR 2.28, CI95%: 1.4–3.7), keeping birds outside cages (OR 3.10, CI95%: 1.4–7.0) and keeping chicken breeds other than broilers (OR 6.27, CI95%: 1.7–23.2). Sourcing birds from dealers/wholesalers, keeping birds inside cages and avoiding mixing different breeds in cages could reduce the risk of H9 infections in LRBS.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Avian Influenza H9 Infection of Chickens in Live Bird Retail Stalls of Lahore District, Pakistan 2009–2010

Chaudhry

Rashid

Angot

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…An increased number and density of live poultry may increase virus circulation and increases the risk of infection, subsequently increasing the probability of virus dissemination and genetic reassortment. [53][54][55][56] Other studies have reported risk factors such as handling dead birds, butchering, area of farm, swimming or bathing in household ponds, having sick or dead poultry, age, vaccination of poultry, and exposure to ducks. 15,45,46 In experimental studies, influenza virus has been recovered from air samples during slaughter of asymptomatic H5N1…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza at animal‐human interface: One‐health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan

Chaudhry

Webby

Swayne

et al. 2020

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background: Live poultry retail stalls (LPRSs) are believed to be the source of human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little is known about epidemiology of these viruses in LPRSs of Pakistan. Objectives:The current study was conducted to estimate the virological and serological prevalence of AIVs in humans and poultry and associated risk factors among seropositive butchers. Methods: A field survey of LPRSs of Chakwal District was conducted betweenDecember 2015 and March 2016. In total, 322 samples (sera = 161 and throat swab = 161) from butchers and 130 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and 100 sera from birds were collected. Baseline sera (n = 100) from general population were also tested.Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by micro-neutralization test (MN). Swabs were processed by real-time RT-PCR. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. Results:In butchers, 15.5% sera were positive for antibodies against H9 virus using a cutoff of ≥40 in HI titer; 6% sera from general population were positive for H9.Seroprevalence in poultry was 89%, and only 2.30% swabs were positive for H9.Presence of another LPRS nearby and the number of cages in the stall were risk factors (OR > 1) for H9 seroprevalence in butchers. Conclusions:This study provides evidence of co-circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health.We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.

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Risk factors for H9N2 contamination in live bird markets of the Greater Jakarta, Indonesia

Aisah,

Sumiarto,

Wibawa

et al. 2023

J. Biodiv. Biotechn.

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Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza virus subtype H9N2 causes decreased egg production and two of the four defined H9N2 poultry lineages (G1 and Y280) have been associated with human infections. The high positive test results for the H9N2 virus in the LBMs of the Greater Jakarta area in 2021 can be a source of transmission for the surrounding area. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors that play a role in the H9N2 contamination in the LBMs to obtain a multivariate analysis model.<strong> </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 vendors and 124 broiler chickens from 44 LBMs randomly selected in Tangerang City, North Jakarta, and Bekasi City. Samples were taken as equipment swabs at the stall of poultry carcass vendors, tracheal swabs, and cloacal swabs of broiler chicken. The test used was Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.<strong> </strong>The prevalence of H9N2 virus contamination at the LBM level in Greater Jakarta in 2022 was 77.27% (95% CI, α 7%), while the prevalence at the vendor level was 54.02% (95% CI, α 5%). The risk factors for H9N2 virus contamination with a significant p-value<0.05 include the positive results on equipment swab samples, positive results on both equipment and broiler swabs, and the use of carcass sink. The multivariate analysis model of H9N2 virus contamination at the vendor level was Logit P (H9N2=1 | x) = 0.29924 - 2.42176PPE + 1.58691carcass sink. The risk factor contributing to increase H9N2 contamination is using carcass sinks, while PPE is the one that reduces H9N2 contamination.

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Avian influenza A in poultry stalls of Lahore District, Pakistan in 2009–2010

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Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Risk Factors for Avian Influenza H9 Infection of Chickens in Live Bird Retail Stalls of Lahore District, Pakistan 2009–2010

Risk Factors for Avian Influenza H9 Infection of Chickens in Live Bird Retail Stalls of Lahore District, Pakistan 2009–2010

Avian influenza at animal‐human interface: One‐health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan

Risk factors for H9N2 contamination in live bird markets of the Greater Jakarta, Indonesia

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