Avian Embryonic Brain Reaggregate Culture System .

Funk, Kathleen A.; Liu, Chen-Hsuan; Higgins, Robert; Wilson, Barry W.

doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1019

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…22 Funk et al also determined a positive effect of 1 on chick embryonic brain reaggregates inhibited by POX, where they were studying neuropathic effects of selected OPP. 23 Organophosphorus hydrolases (OPH) significantly decreased the inhibition with several OPP, since they decreased the OPP concentration. 23 Doorn at al.…”

Section: Pralidoxime In the Treatment Of Opp Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides

Musílek

Doležal

Gunn‐Moore

et al. 2011

Medicinal Research Reviews

112

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Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs; e.g. chlorpyrifos, diazinon, paraoxon) are a wide and heterogeneous group of organophosphorus compounds. Their biological activity of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) ranks them as life endangering agents. The necessary treatment after OPP exposure involves the use of parasympatolytics (e.g. atropine), oxime reactivators (e.g. obidoxime), and anticonvulsive drugs (e.g. diazepam). Therefore, the reactivators of AChE are essential compounds in the treatment of OPP intoxications. Commercial AChE reactivators (e.g. pralidoxime, HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime) were originally developed for other members of the organophosphate family, such as nerve agents (e.g. sarin, soman, tabun, VX). Pralidoxime, HI-6, and methoxime were found to be weak reactivators of OPP-inhibited AChE. Obidoxime and trimedoxime showed satisfactory reactivation against various OPPs with minor toxicity issues. During the last two decades, the treatment of OPP exposure has become more widely discussed because of growing agricultural production, industrialization, and harmful social issues (e.g. suicides). In this review is the summarized design, evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies of recently produced AChE reactivators. Since pralidoxime, over 300 oximes have been produced or tested against OPP poisoning, and several novel compounds show very promising abilities as comparable (or higher) to commercial oximes. Some of these are highlighted for their further testing of OPP exposure and, additionally, the main structure-activity relationship of AChE reactivators against OPP is discussed.

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Section: Pralidoxime In the Treatment Of Opp Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Organophosphorus hydrolases (OPH) significantly decreased the inhibition with several OPP, since they decreased the OPP concentration. 23 Doorn at al. employed 1 for isomalathion-inhibited AChE.…”

Section: Pralidoxime In the Treatment Of Opp Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides

Musílek

Doležal

Gunn‐Moore

et al. 2011

Medicinal Research Reviews

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Cell Culture Models for Neurotoxicology

Stacey

Viviani

2001

Cell Culture Methods for in Vitro Toxicology

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Effects on acute organophosphorus poisoning in rats in aging and solubility of organophosphates

Yamanaka

Ohta

Tomita

et al. 1996

Environ Health Prev Med

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Various organophosphorus compounds with low acute toxicity are predominantly used as insecticides worldwide. Human acute organophosphorous poisoning often occurs as a result of accidental, criminal or suicidal ingestion. We determined the effect of rat age and lipid solubility of organophosphates on acute organophosphorus poisoning.After trichlorfon with high water solubility was administered to rats, it and its metabolite, dichlorvos, rapidly disappeared from blood, liver, kidneys and fat-tissues, and the ChE activity in the serum, erythrocytes and brain was rapidly normalized. Dichlofenthion disappeared very slowly from poisoned rats due to its fat-solubility. ChE activity was inhibited for a long time by dichlofenthion released from adipose reservoirs in the whole body, especially in 40-week-old rats, and normal and obese rats at 80 weeks of age. Three-week-old rats, which were at a sexually immature developmental stage, showed mild symptoms of dichlofenthion poisoning. By contrast, 7-week-old rats were poisoned most severely with dichlofenthion and their ChE activity was the most severely inhibited among 3-, 7-, 40-and 80-week-old rats. The recovery of ChE activity in rats poisoned with fenitrothion was the most protracted because of the rapid aging of ChE phosphorylated by fenitrothion, although fenitrothion disappeared more rapidly from rat tissues than dichlofenthion.These findings in rats demonstrated that the pattern of recovery and the degree of symptoms of acute organophosphorus poisoning differed with age and the organophosphate.

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Avian Embryonic Brain Reaggregate Culture System .

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides

Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides

Cell Culture Models for Neurotoxicology

Effects on acute organophosphorus poisoning in rats in aging and solubility of organophosphates

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