Avian Cholera emergence in Arctic-nesting northern Common Eiders: using community-based, participatory surveillance to delineate disease outbreak patterns and predict transmission risk

Iverson, Samuel A.; Forbes, Mark R.; Simard, Manon; Soos, Catherine; Gilchrist, H. Grant

doi:10.5751/es-08873-210412

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Carter et al, 2019Deemer et al, 2017Eerkes-Medrano et al,. 2016Ford et al, 2019Healey et al, 2011Henden et al, 2020Henry et al, 2012Idrobo and Berkes, 2012Iverson et al, 2016Jones et al, 2015Koenigstein et al, 2016Kruse et al, 2004Laidler et al, 2007Mantyka-Pringle et al, 2017Olsen et al, 2015Rosellon-Druker et al, 2019Sandström et al, 2003Steiner et al, 2019Tiller et al, 2016Turunen et al, 2016Voinov et al, 2004 No participation Consultative Collaborative Collegial Indigenous/Community Not clear Not part of process…”

Section: Degree Of Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From participatory engagement to co-production: modelling climate-sensitive processes in the Arctic

et al. 2021

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Participation is increasingly being used in the modelling of climate-sensitive systems to improve usability. Bottom-up, place-based approaches to modelling can challenge the dominantly positivist approaches used until recently. We examined how participation is reported within modelling research that uses participatory approaches, focusing on the Arctic. Our systematic scoping review identified 26 articles that used participatory approaches in modelling research to explore a climate-sensitive process in an Arctic setting and analysed the degree of participation at each stage of the process for each article. A diversity of topics, modelling approaches, and participant groups were identified. Most studies (71%) occurred in the North American Arctic, and all studies engaged with non-Western knowledge types to some degree. Participation was most commonly reported at the model generation and participant identification stages, and least commonly reported in the choice of modelling type. Participatory scores—based upon the number and degree of participatory stages of a study—were higher where authors gave instrumental or transformative rationales for the use of participation, and among studies which described prioritising non-Western knowledge types. Detailed reporting of participatory processes was frequently absent, suggesting a need for clearer discussions of these issues in the descriptions of the process.

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Section: Degree Of Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From participatory engagement to co-production: modelling climate-sensitive processes in the Arctic

et al. 2021

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“…According to another study by Iverson et al . 48 , it is possible that exposure to P. multocida may occur on wintering grounds in Atlantic Canada. Recoveries of common eiders marked with steel leg bands on Mitivik Island and subsequently killed by hunters, as well as movement data for eiders fitted with satellite transmitters on Mitivik Island 49 , indicate that approximately 40% overwinter in Atlantic Canada.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the difference in antibody titer between the sexes might also be the result of differences in exposure rate to P. multocida during winter if males and females winter in different locations. Information on migration strategies of both sexes and on avian cholera dynamics outside the breeding season are currently too limited 48 , 49 , 55 , to allow testing of these hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds

Dijk

Iverson

Gilchrist

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a common and important infectious disease of wild birds in North America. Between 2005 and 2012, avian cholera caused annual mortality of widely varying magnitudes in Northern common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) breeding at the largest colony in the Canadian Arctic, Mitivik Island, Nunavut. Although herd immunity, in which a large proportion of the population acquires immunity to the disease, has been suggested to play a role in epidemic fadeout, immunological studies exploring this hypothesis have been missing. We investigated the role of three potential drivers of fadeout of avian cholera in eiders, including immunity, prevalence of infection, and colony size. Each potential driver was examined in relation to the annual real-time reproductive number (Rt) of P. multocida, previously calculated for eiders at Mitivik Island. Each year, colony size was estimated and eiders were closely monitored, and evaluated for infection and serological status. We demonstrate that acquired immunity approximated using antibody titers to P. multocida in both sexes was likely a key driver for the epidemic fadeout. This study exemplifies the importance of herd immunity in influencing the dynamics and fadeout of epidemics in a wildlife population.

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“…We suggest that these individuals are likely from Disko Bay, because more northern marine areas are enriched in 13‐carbon (Hobson, ; Rubenstein & Hobson, ; West, Bowen, Cerling, & Ehleringer, ); therefore, δ 13 C is higher in Disko Bay compared to Nuuk as seen in shrimp ( Pandalus borealis ) and copepods ( Calanus finmarchicus ; Hansen, Hedeholm, Sünksen, Christensen, & Grønkjær, ). While the western Greenland breeding population has increased by 12% per year (Merkel, ) since the implementation of hunting quotas, the Newfoundland population has been potentially impacted by the same Avian Cholera outbreak that affected East Bay Island and other colonies along the Hudson Strait (Iverson, Forbes, Simard, Soos, & Gilchrist, ). This shift in proportion of eiders overwintering in Greenland versus Newfoundland may therefore be influenced by spillover from the Greenland population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotopes can be used to infer the overwintering locations of prebreeding marine birds in the Canadian Arctic

Steenweg

Crossin

Kyser

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Although assessments of winter carryover effects on fitness‐related breeding parameters are vital for determining the links between environmental variation and fitness, direct methods of determining overwintering distributions (e.g., electronic tracking) can be expensive, limiting the number of individuals studied. Alternatively, stable isotope analysis in specific tissues can be used as an indirect means of determining individual overwintering areas of residency. Although increasingly used to infer the overwintering distributions of terrestrial birds, stable isotopes have been used less often to infer overwintering areas of marine birds. Using Arctic‐breeding common eiders, we test the effectiveness of an integrated stable isotope approach (13‐carbon, 15‐nitrogen, and 2‐hydrogen) to infer overwintering locations. Knowing the overwinter destinations of eiders from tracking studies at our study colony at East Bay Island, Nunavut, we sampled claw and blood tissues at two known overwintering locations, Nuuk, Greenland, and Newfoundland, Canada. These two locations yielded distinct tissue‐specific isotopic profiles. We then compared the isotope profiles of tissues collected from eiders upon their arrival at our breeding colony, and used a k‐means cluster analysis approach to match arriving eiders to an overwintering group. Samples from the claws of eiders were most effective for determining overwinter origin, due to this tissue's slow growth rate relative to the 40‐day turnover rate of blood. Despite taking an integrative approach using multiple isotopes, k‐means cluster analysis was most effective when using 13‐carbon alone to assign eiders to an overwintering group. Our research demonstrates that it is possible to use stable isotope analysis to assign an overwintering location to a marine bird. There are few examples of the effective use of this technique on a marine bird at this scale; we provide a framework for applying this technique to detect changes in the migration phenology of birds' responses to rapid changes in the Arctic.

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Avian Cholera emergence in Arctic-nesting northern Common Eiders: using community-based, participatory surveillance to delineate disease outbreak patterns and predict transmission risk

Cited by 20 publications

References 55 publications

From participatory engagement to co-production: modelling climate-sensitive processes in the Arctic

From participatory engagement to co-production: modelling climate-sensitive processes in the Arctic

Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds

Stable isotopes can be used to infer the overwintering locations of prebreeding marine birds in the Canadian Arctic

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