Avian Chlamydiosis

Andersen, Arthur A.; Franson, J. Christian

doi:10.1002/9780470344668.ch15

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Direct complement fixation (DCF) on serum detects the presence of longer acting IgG, while EBA on plasma detects acute IgM. Direct complement fixation is preferred for population serosurveys (Andersen and Vanrompay, 2003), and seven cormorants (32%, 7/22) were seropositive for C. psittaci via DCF, with titers ranging from 16 to 64. None of the 43 cormorants were positive by EBA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology, Plasma Chemistry, and Serology of the Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Harrisi) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

Travis

Vargas

Merkel

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The flightless cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi) is an endemic species of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Health studies of the species have not previously been conducted. In August 2003, baseline samples were collected from flightless cormorant colonies on the islands of Isabela and Fernandina. Seventy-six birds, from nestlings to adults, were evaluated. Genetic sexing of 70 cormorants revealed 37 females and 33 males. Hematology assessment consisted of packed cell volume (n519), leukograms (n569), and blood smear evaluation (n569). Microscopic evaluation of blood smears revealed microfilaria in 33% (23/69) of the cormorants. Plasma chemistries were performed on 46 cormorants. There was no significant difference in chemistry values or complete blood counts between male and female cormorants or between age groups. Based on a serologic survey to assess exposure to avian pathogens, birds (n569) were seronegative for West Nile virus, avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus), avian paramyxovirus types 2 and 3, avian influenza, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis, Marek's disease (herpes), reovirus, avian encephalomyelitis, and avian adenovirus type 2. Antibodies to avian adenovirus type 1 and Chlamydophila psittaci were found in 31% (21/68) and 11% (7/65) of flightless cormorants respectively. Chlamydophila psittaci was detected via polymerase chain reaction in 6% (2/33) of the cormorants. The overall negative serologic findings of this research suggest that the flightless cormorant is an immunologically naÏve species, which may have a reduced capacity to cope with the introduction of novel pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology, Plasma Chemistry, and Serology of the Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Harrisi) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

Travis

Vargas

Merkel

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Contaminated faeces and feathers are assumed to play an essential role in zoonotic transmission from flocks to humans. In humans, the symptoms of disease (termed psittacosis) are variable, ranging from no clinical signs at all to severe systemic disease (Andersen and Vanrompay 2000). From 1988 though 2003, a total of 935 human cases of psittacosis were reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Smith et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution typing of Chlamydophila psittaci by multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA)

Laroucau

Thierry²,

Vorimore³

et al. 2008

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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High resolution typing of Chlamydophila psittaci by multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA)Laroucau, K; Thierry, S; Vorimore, F; Blanco, K; Kaleta, E; Hoop, R; Magnino, S; Vanrompay, D; Sachse, K; Myers, G S A; Bavoil, P M; Pourcel, C; Vergnaud, G Laroucau, K; Thierry, S; Vorimore, F; Blanco, K; Kaleta, E; Hoop, R; Magnino, S; Vanrompay, D; Sachse, K; Myers, G S A; Bavoil, P M; Pourcel, C; Vergnaud, G (2008 AbstractA multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA) system for detection of tandem repeats across the whole genome of Chlamydophila psittaci has been developed. Twenty selected genetic loci were initially tested on 9reference strains including representatives of all major serotypes (A to F). Thereafter, 8 loci were retained for a more complete study performed on over 150 C. psittaci isolates from different bird species and geographical origins. Comparative analysis of the MLVA results with those obtained from serotyping and/or ompA sequencing indicate that the MLVA system provides an additional level of discrimination over currently available methods, with over 18 distinct patterns identified to date.The newly developed MLVA system therefore provides a highly sensitive, high resolution test for the differentiation of C. psittaci isolates from different origins that is suitable for molecular epidemiological studies.

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“…Human psittacosis mostly originates from exposure to infected psittacines, pigeons or poultry, mainly turkeys [11] or ducks [14,18]. Symptoms in man vary from asymptomatic to severe systemic disease [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Chlamydophila psittaci species-specific and genotype-specific real-time PCR

et al. 2005

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-A Chlamydophila psittaci species-specific real-time PCR targeting the rDNA ribosomal spacer was developed as well as a genotype-specific real-time PCR targeting the Cp. psittaci outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene. The SYBR Green-based species-specific real-time PCR detected Cp. psittaci genotypes A to F, and the recently discovered E/B genotype. The genotype-specific real-time PCR could easily distinguish genotypes C, D, F by use of TaqMan probes. Genotypes A, B and E could not be distinguished from each other by simply using TaqMan probes. For this purpose, non-fluorescent competitor oligonucleotides, had to be used next to the TaqMan probes. Genotype E/B could only be detected by use of a minor groove binder (MGB) probe. Both real-time PCR assays allowed reproducible, sensitive (10 rDNA or ompA copies/µL DNA extract) and specific detection of Cp. psittaci DNA. The genotype-specific real-time PCR was compared to ompA sequencing and ompA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using five Cp. psittaci field isolates (99, 61/8, 7344/2, 8615/1 and 7778B15) each consisting of two different genotypes. The currently developed real-time PCR assays were used in a case study on a veterinary school and a turkey farm. In the veterinary school, Cp. psittaci genotypes D, E/B and F infection were detected in all five groups of turkeys, and one veterinarian who was taking care of all these turkeys. On the turkey farm, the presence of two Cp. psittaci genotype B infection waves was demonstrated in one randomly selected turkey, the first wave at the age of 6 weeks, and the second at the age of 12 weeks.

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Avian Chlamydiosis

Cited by 34 publications

References 54 publications

Hematology, Plasma Chemistry, and Serology of the Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Harrisi) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

Hematology, Plasma Chemistry, and Serology of the Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Harrisi) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

High resolution typing of Chlamydophila psittaci by multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA)

Development of a Chlamydophila psittaci species-specific and genotype-specific real-time PCR

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