Avian Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics, Causes and Genomics

Kubale, Valentina; Merry, Keshia; Miller, Georgia; Diaz, Maria Ruiz; Rutland, Catrin S.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.78005

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(107 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cardiovascular defects in birds have been investigated far less than in mammals, but have been described for numerous species (see Kubale et al, 2018). Ventricular septal defects have been described in a juvenile houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) (Bailey & Kinne, 2001) and for penguins as well as various species of caged birds (Laughlin et al, 2016).…”

Section: (A) Intracardiac Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review explores the long‐standing question: ‘Why do cardiovascular shunts occur?’ An historical perspective is provided on previous research into cardiac shunts in vertebrates that continues to shape current views. Cardiac shunts and when they occur is then described for vertebrates. Nearly 20 different functional reasons have been proposed as specific causes of shunts, ranging from energy conservation to improved gas exchange, and including a plethora of functions related to thermoregulation, digestion and haemodynamics. It has even been suggested that shunts are merely an evolutionary or developmental relic. Having considered the various hypotheses involving cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates, this review then takes a non‐traditional approach. Rather than attempting to identify the single ‘correct’ reason for the occurrence of shunts, we advance a more holistic, integrative approach that embraces multiple, non‐exclusive suites of proposed causes for shunts, and indicates how these varied functions might at least co‐exist, if not actually support each other as shunts serve multiple, concurrent physiological functions. It is argued that deposing the ‘monolithic’ view of shunting leads to a more nuanced view of vertebrate cardiovascular systems. This review concludes by suggesting new paradigms for testing the function(s) of shunts, including experimentally placing organ systems into conflict in terms of their perfusion needs, reducing sources of variation in physiological experiments, measuring possible compensatory responses to shunt ablation, moving experiments from the laboratory to the field, and using cladistics‐related approaches in the choice of experimental animals.

show abstract

Section: (A) Intracardiac Shuntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cardiovascular disease is common in avian species (Beaufrère et al, ). The increase in commercial economic losses and demand for healthcare in veterinary centres has resulted in increased research investigating these disorders (Kubale, Merry, Miller, Diaz, & Rutland, ). Alterations in nutritional status may result in cardiac structural changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to a lack of complete understanding of the nutritional requirements of captive parrots, malnutrition is a concern in this species (Heatley & Cornejo, ). Additionally, in commercial breeding, changes in the avian heart cause concern, and the impact of diet on the risk of heart failure in broiler chickens has been investigated to design nutritional plans to maximize growth while reducing the risk of cardiac failure (Kubale et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Santos

Silva

Hippólito

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess radiographic and tomographic cardiac parameters, including width and length of the heart, and the ratio of heart width to coelom width of blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. Thirty‐five captive birds were included in the study and were allocated into one of three groups according to their respective body condition score: lean, ideal and obese. No differences were observed among the groups with regard to radiographic and tomographic measurements. Computed tomography enabled better identification of the structures of the cardiovascular system without interference from the overlying structures of the celomatic cavity observed in radiographic images. However, radiographic examinations should still be considered the standard screening method to identify cardiac alterations, such as increased or reduced organ dimensions. Standardizing the techniques and measurements performed in this study may serve as a basis for further research in the field.

show abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy in a green-winged saltator (Saltator similis)

Duarte,

Santos,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

BJVP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported in birds. Among pet birds, they are most documented in psittacine birds. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease frequently found in poultry but with few reports in both pet and wild birds. An elderly male green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) died suddenly after presenting intermittent clinical signs of dyspnea, weakness, and vocalization changes. A general increase in cardiac size with a bulging apex was observed at necropsy. The heart exhibited an enlarged left ventricular space and flaccid musculature on the cut section. The liver was diffusely enlarged with rounded edges. No other gross lesions were observed. Samples were collected in 10% formalin and routinely processed. Histologically, bundles of myocardial fibers were irregularly arranged, with markedly elongated myofibrils and irregular cell contours. Additionally, multifocal areas of disruption were observed between the myofibrils. Diffuse hepatic congestion of sinusoids and portal veins was observed, and diffuse edema in the interstitium and para bronchi was present in the lungs. The clinical signs observed were nonspecific and can be found in several diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of birds. The gross and histological findings are compatible with what has been described for dilated cardiomyopathy in birds; however, left ventricular dilatation is uncommon in avian patients. Heart diseases in pet birds are still underdiagnosed, and reports of cardiomyopathies are limited to psittacine birds. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a dilated cardiomyopathy in a passerine bird.

show abstract

Avian Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics, Causes and Genomics

Cited by 4 publications

References 89 publications

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Dilated cardiomyopathy in a green-winged saltator (Saltator similis)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About