Avian brains: Insights from development, behaviors and evolution

Nomura, Tadashi; Izawa, Ei Ichi

doi:10.1111/dgd.12362

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The recent studies on the oriental tit's responses to snakes (Ha et al, ; Suzuki, , , , ; current study) suggest a new avenue of research on birds. Considering recent advances in avian phylogenetics (Prum et al, ) and cognition (Nomura & Izawa, ; Ten Cate et al, ), we propose that the ideas suggested by Isbell (Isbell, , ) and other hypotheses about the special role of snake predation in the evolution of prey can be explored and tested in studies on birds through species‐level comparisons in those avian families that include species living in regions of high snake predation or low snake predation, as well as through family‐level comparisons between families that evolutionarily originated in snake‐rich or snake‐poor regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit (Parus minor) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings

Lee

Yang

et al. 2020

Ethology

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Anti‐predatory strategies of birds are diverse and may include predator‐specific alarm calls. For example, oriental tit (Parus minor) parents can distinguish snakes from other predators and produce snake‐specific referential vocalizations ("jar" call) when a snake poses a threat to their nest. The “jar” call has a very specific function to induce fledging of nestlings close to fledging age. This reaction ensures nestlings' survival in natural encounters with snakes that are capable of entering nest cavities and kill entire broods. Sciurid rodents, like chipmunks, may pose a similar threat to cavity‐nesting birds. We explored the hypothesis that parents use the fledging‐inducing alarm vocalizations in this situation, because chipmunks, like snakes, can kill the brood upon entering the nest cavity. We compared alarm calls of parents toward two predators (chipmunk and snake) who pose a similar threat to the nestlings in a nest cavity, and toward an avian predator (Eurasian jay) who cannot enter nest cavities and poses no threat to the nestlings in a nest. Our results show that the vocal responses of oriental tits were different among the three predators. This suggests that the acoustic properties of vocal responses to predators are different between predators of a similar hunting strategy (nest‐cavity entering). The playback of recorded vocal responses of parents to chipmunks did not trigger the fledging of old nestlings, whereas the vocalizations toward a snake did, as shown by earlier studies. Our study suggests that the vocal response of parents does not carry information about the ability of predators to enter the nest cavity and confirms the special status of alarm calls triggered by snakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit (Parus minor) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings

Lee

Yang

et al. 2020

Ethology

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“…Both Ramphastidae specimens have two conspicuous lumps ventrocaudally to the bulbus olfactorius (Figures 5d, 7d). Due to the position, these might belong to the mesopallium or the nidopallium, both regions involved in learning and memory process (Nomura & Izawa, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocranial morphology of the piciformes (Aves, Coraciimorphae): Functional and ecological implications

et al. 2021

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We used three‐dimensional digital models to investigate the brain and endosseous labyrinth morphology of selected Neotropical Piciformes (Picidae, Ramphastidae, Galbulidae and Bucconidae). Remarkably, the brain morphology of Galbulidae clearly separates from species of other families. The eminentiae sagittales of Galbulidae and Bucconidae (insectivorous with high aerial maneuverability abilities) are smaller than those of the toucans (scansorial frugivores). Galbula showed the proportionally largest cerebellum, and Ramphastidae showed the least foliated one. Optic lobes ratio relative to the telencephalic hemispheres showed a strong phylogenetic signal. Three hypotheses were tested: (a) insectivorous taxa that need precise and fast movements to catch their prey, have well developed eminentiae sagittales compared to fruit eaters, (b) species that require high beak control would show larger cerebellum compared to other brain regions and higher number of visible folia and (c) there are marked differences between the brain shape of the four families studied here that bring valuable information of this interesting bird group. Hypotheses H1 and H2 are rejected, meanwhile H3 is accepted.

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“…The design of the proposed artificial intelligence paradigm is motivated by the intelligent pattern in which birds are observed to utilize the airspace. Birds demonstrate a high level of intelligence leading to the study of cognitive ornithology and avian intelligence [33][34][35]. Fox in [36] recognize that avian intelligence play an important role in the design of future multiintelligence systems.…”

Section: Proposed Solution -Artificial Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent learning diversity mechanism for unmanned aerial vehicles applications

Periola¹,

Obayiuwana²

2020

Nig. J. Tech.

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The increased use of drones and aerial vehicles in applications poses challenges of airspace safety for aviation organizations. It is important to ensure the safety of the airspace when a significant number of unmanned aerial vehicles are deployed by civilian users. A solution that meets this requirement is important to promote innovation in the commercialization of air space for civilian users deploying unmanned aerial vehicle. The discussion in this paper proposes a mechanism that uses artificial intelligence to address this challenge. The proposed mechanism utilizes a low altitude platform (LAP) and entities in terrestrial wireless networks. The low altitude platform (LAP) observes, develops insights and training data (with human aid). The training data is used to develop learning mechanisms which determine the suitable unmanned aerial vehicles flight parameters in different scenarios. The use of the LAP reduces the burden of communicating with terrestrial base stations. The unmanned aerial vehicles have a reduced altitude between the LAPs in comparison to terrestrial base stations. This reduces the free space path loss and rain-induced attenuation. The performance benefit of the proposed mechanism in comparison to existing solution is examined via MATLAB simulations. Evaluation shows that the proposed mechanism reduces the network access costs by up to 90% on average. The proposed mechanism also increases available flight power and improves airspace safety by 37.3% and up to 53.2% on average respectively. Keywords: Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles, Intelligence Paradigm; Aviation Safety, Capital Constrained Aviation Organizations.

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Avian brains: Insights from development, behaviors and evolution

Cited by 29 publications

References 131 publications

Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit (Parus minor) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings

Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit (Parus minor) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings

Endocranial morphology of the piciformes (Aves, Coraciimorphae): Functional and ecological implications

Intelligent learning diversity mechanism for unmanned aerial vehicles applications

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