Avian B Lymphocyte Subpopulations Origins and Functional Capacities

Lipopolysaccharide and lipid A‐induced human blood lymphocyte activation as detected by a protein A plaque assay

“…00l4-2980/79/0808-0619$02.50/0 However, spleen cells from other species such as rabbit [5], chicken [6], cow [7] and hamster [XI are also sensitive. Cells in different organs show various degrees of LPS responsiveness due to their different stages of maturation.…”

Early Development of the Avian Immune System

“…Large basophilic cells are seen in the blood vessels about the 12th day (Moore and Owen, 1965) and erythrocyte and granulocyte production begins in the marrow (Lucas and Jamroz, 1961). Bone marrow may contribute to the T cell pool at this time (Weber, 1975), but later as the bursa regresses B cell production occurs also in the bone marrow (Szenberg, 1976). Bone marrow may contribute to the T cell pool at this time (Weber, 1975), but later as the bursa regresses B cell production occurs also in the bone marrow (Szenberg, 1976).…”

“…Under the influence of the thymic stroma lymphoid progenitors or pre-T cells proliferate and develop into effector cells of cell-mediated immunity and regulator cells that modulate immune responses (Owen, 1977). In the posthatching chick thymus, cells that can respond to Con-A, PHA, and alloantigens are present (Weber, 1975), and four subclasses of thymocytes that differ in bouyant density, electrophoretic mobility, and bursal dependence have been described (Droege and Zucker, 1975 ;Droege <?£«/., 1977). If the differentiation of T cells in chickens is like that in mammals, one should expect the thymocyte population to be heterogeneous (Owen, 1977).…”

“…The pre-B cells lack surface Ig receptors, but in the bursal microenvironment the genes coding for antibodies are soon activated and receptor Ig appears on the cell membrane of the various Ig producing clones (Huang and Dreyer, 1978). According to the kind of Ig receptors present and their distribution in the cell, several subclasses of bursal cells have been described (Kincade and Cooper, 1971;Szenberg, 1976;Grossi et al, 1977;Weber, 1975). According to the kind of Ig receptors present and their distribution in the cell, several subclasses of bursal cells have been described (Kincade and Cooper, 1971;Szenberg, 1976;Grossi et al, 1977;Weber, 1975).…”

Functional Analysis of B‐L (Ia‐Like) Antigen‐Bearing Chicken Peripheral Blood Cells

“…Initial functional studies of chicken B and T lymphocytes utilized in vivo depletion of B or T cells by surgical bursectomy or thymectomy, respectively. The bursectomized chickens were unable to produce antibodies but rejected skin grafts and induced graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions, and their lymphocytes could be stimulated in vitro by concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) [7,10,16,18,19]. Thymectomized animals had normal levels of immunoglobulins, but skin grafts were either accepted or rejected very slowly, the GVH reactivity of their lymphocytes was impaired, and their peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were not stimulated in vitro by Con A and PHA [16,18,19].…”