Aversive responses of captive sandbar sharks <i>Carcharhinus plumbeus</i> to strong magnetic fields

Siegenthaler, Andjin; Niemantsverdriet, Prw; Laterveer, Michaël; Heitkonig, I.M.A.

doi:10.1111/jfb.13064

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Present understanding of the interactions between EMFs and marine animals has benefited from laboratory experiments and field studies using surrogate cables, largely with benthic fish and invertebrates [49][50][51]. However, significant gaps remain in understanding how pelagic species (e.g., sharks, marine mammals, fish) may react to dynamic cables suspended in the water column [52].…”

Section: Risk To Animals From Electromagnetic Fields (Emfs) Emitted By Mre Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Copping

Hemery

Overhus

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Marine renewable energy (MRE) harnesses energy from the ocean and provides a low-carbon sustainable energy source for national grids and remote uses. The international MRE industry is in the early stages of development, focused largely on tidal and riverine turbines, and wave energy converters (WECs), to harness energy from tides, rivers, and waves, respectively. Although MRE supports climate change mitigation, there are concerns that MRE devices and systems could affect portions of the marine and river environments. The greatest concern for tidal and river turbines is the potential for animals to be injured or killed by collision with rotating blades. Other risks associated with MRE device operation include the potential for turbines and WECs to cause disruption from underwater noise emissions, generation of electromagnetic fields, changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, changes in oceanographic processes, and entanglement of large marine animals. The accumulated knowledge of interactions of MRE devices with animals and habitats to date is summarized here, along with a discussion of preferred management methods for encouraging MRE development in an environmentally responsible manner. As there are few devices in the water, understanding is gained largely from examining one to three MRE devices. This information indicates that there will be no significant effects on marine animals and habitats due to underwater noise from MRE devices or emissions of electromagnetic fields from cables, nor changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, or oceanographic systems. Ongoing research to understand potential collision risk of animals with turbine blades still shows significant uncertainty. There has been no significant field research undertaken on entanglement of large animals with mooring lines and cables associated with MRE devices.

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Section: Risk To Animals From Electromagnetic Fields (Emfs) Emitted By Mre Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Copping

Hemery

Overhus

et al. 2020

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similarly, strong permanent magnets have been used as sources of aversive stimuli to induce avoidance behaviours in elasmobranchs, including the southern stingray Hypanus americanus (Hildebrand & Schroeder 1928) (O'Connell et al, ), Atlantic sharpnose, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson 1837) and M. canis (O'Connell et al, ), great hammerhead shark Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell 1837) (O'Connell et al, ), white shark Carcharodon carcharias (L. 1758) (O'Connell et al, ), lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris (Poey 1868) (O'Connell et al, , ), C. leucas (O'Connell et al, ), S. canicula and R. clavata , (Smith & O'Connell, ), C. plumbeus (Siegenthaler et al, ) and the blind shark Brachaelurus waddi (Bloch & Schneider 1801) (Richards et al, ). However, it is unclear whether the repulsive effects reported were because the test subjects responded directly to magnetic stimuli or to induced electrical artefacts.…”

Section: Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroreception in marine fishes: chondrichthyans

Newton

Gill

Kajiura

2019

Journal of Fish Biology

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Electroreception in marine fishes occurs across a variety of taxa and is best understood in the chondrichthyans (sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras). Here, we present an up‐to‐date review of what is known about the biology of passive electroreception and we consider how electroreceptive fishes might respond to electric and magnetic stimuli in a changing marine environment. We briefly describe the history and discovery of electroreception in marine Chondrichthyes, the current understanding of the passive mode, the morphological adaptations of receptors across phylogeny and habitat, the physiological function of the peripheral and central nervous system components, and the behaviours mediated by electroreception. Additionally, whole genome sequencing, genetic screening and molecular studies promise to yield new insights into the evolution, distribution, and function of electroreceptors across different environments. This review complements that of electroreception in freshwater fishes in this special issue, which provides a comprehensive state of knowledge regarding the evolution of electroreception. We conclude that despite our improved understanding of passive electroreception, several outstanding gaps remain which limits our full comprehension of this sensory modality. Of particular concern is how electroreceptive fishes will respond and adapt to a marine environment that is being increasingly altered by anthropogenic electric and magnetic fields.

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“…Jordan et al (2011) described that the presence of conspecifics may invoke competitive feeding behaviours which override any deterrent effect of magnets and that the magnetic field may actually attract individuals in these situations. Smith and O'Connell (2014) and Siegenthaler et al (2016) both conducted controlled lab experiments using neodymium-based rare earth magnets to successfully deter foraging attempts of three elasmobranch species, conflicting with a later lab study on sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) that showed no effect (Polpetta et al 2021). Field trials of rare earth magnets have resulted in mixed responses of Australian swellshark (Cephaloscyllium laticeps) in trap fisheries (Westlake et al 2018) and increased bycatch of blue shark (Prionace glauca) in longlines (Porsmoguer et al 2015).…”

Section: Electrosensorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of sensory deterrents for bycatch mitigation of marine megafauna

Lucas

Berggren

2022

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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Marine megafauna are critical for marine ecosystem health and their removal can cause food webs to collapse. Methods to reduce marine megafauna mortality can result in conflict between scientists, conservationists, fishers and fisheries management due to real or perceived effects on target catch, income and food security. Sensory deterrents have been used in attempts to mitigate bycatch and retain target catch quantity and quality. Here, we completed a systematic review of 116 papers, plus 25 literature reviews published between 1991 and 2022, to investigate potential for sensory deterrents to mitigate bycatch across four marine megafauna taxonomic groups (marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds and elasmobranchs). Lights on gillnets are the only technology so far to result in significant bycatch reductions across all four taxonomic groups. It is difficult to make generalisations about the efficacy of sensory deterrents and their ability to deliver consistent bycatch reductions. The efficacy of each method is context dependent, varying with species, fishery and environmental characteristics. Further research is recommended for field studies assessing bycatch mitigation in all sensory deterrents, including combinations of deterrents, to assess effects on target and non-target species. The associated issues of habituation, habitat exclusion and foraging around fishing gear are important, although reducing mortality of vulnerable species should remain the highest priority for conservation and preserving ecosystems that fishers depend on. Multiple complementary measures will be required to achieve consistent bycatch reduction targets in many fisheries, of which sensory deterrents could play some part if implemented appropriately.

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Aversive responses of captive sandbar sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus to strong magnetic fields

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

Electroreception in marine fishes: chondrichthyans

A systematic review of sensory deterrents for bycatch mitigation of marine megafauna

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