Average-Value Model of Electric Vehicle Chargers

Dubey, Anamika; Santoso, Surya; Cloud, Matthew P.

doi:10.1109/tsg.2013.2258692

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There exist no acceptable models for new devices like PV inverters or EV chargers. Some measurements are presented in [86][87][88][89] but there are big variations between manufacturers and for future equipment guesses have to be made. iv) The statistical aggregation between different sources of harmonics is not known.…”

Section: Calculation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hosting Capacity of the Power Grid for Renewable Electricity Production and New Large Consumption Equipment

2017

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After a brief historical introduction to the hosting-capacity approach, the hosting capacity is presented in this paper as a tool for distribution-system planning under uncertainty. This tool is illustrated by evaluating the readiness of two low-voltage networks for increasing amounts of customers with PV panels or with EV chargers. Both undervoltage and overvoltage are considered in the studies presented here. Probability distribution functions are calculated for the worst-case overvoltage and undervoltage as a function of the number of customers with PV or EV chargers. These distributions are used to obtain 90th percentile values that act as a performance index. This index is compared with an overvoltage or undervoltage limit to get the hosting capacity. General aspects of the hosting-capacity calculations (performance indices, limits, and calculation methods) are discussed for a number of other phenomena: overcurrent; fast voltage magnitude variations; voltage unbalance; harmonics and supraharmonics. The need for gathering data and further development of models for existing demand is emphasised in the discussion and conclusions.An international working group [22] recently presented a number of recommendations, key findings and open issues to be addressed because of the integration of solar power. Recommendations were given for a number of power-quality phenomena, including harmonics, supraharmonics, fast voltage variations (faster than 10-min time scale), slow voltage variations (slower than 10 min), overvoltage, flicker, and voltage unbalance. The hosting capacity approach, as was proposed by an international cooperation project in 2004 (see Section 2) is put forward in the report as an important tool for quantifying the impact of solar power on the power system. Additional work is needed, according to the report, for establishing suitable performance indices and corresponding limits.This paper consists of three main parts. It starts in Section 2 with an overview, partly from a historical insider perspective, of the hosting-capacity approach. This part also includes a discussion on different kinds of uncertainly. A hosting-capacity-based planning approach is presented in Section 3, applied in Section 4.1 through Section 4.6 and discussed in Section 4.7. The description and the application are for overvoltage and undervoltage as these are the phenomena, with the possible exception of overcurrent, for which the best calculation tools, performance indices and limits are available. The third part of the paper contains a detailed discussion about including other phenomena in hosting-capacity studies. For each phenomenon, performance indices, limits and calculation methods are discussed. Hosting CapacityThe term "hosting capacity" was coined in the context of distributed generation by André Even in March 2004 during discussions within the integrated European EU-DEEP project [23,24]. An approach for quantifying the hosting capacity was developed further by others within that same project [25]. The term "hosting capa...

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Section: Calculation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hosting Capacity of the Power Grid for Renewable Electricity Production and New Large Consumption Equipment

2017

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“…Exponential load model is used to determine the power demand by an EV given in (20). Therefore charging power demand (P ch ) by an EV depending on supply voltage and SOC of the EV is written as…”

Section: Total Expected Charging Demand Of Fcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage‐dependent modelling of fast charging electric vehicle load considering battery characteristics

Shukla

Verma

Kumar

2018

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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Electric vehicle (EV) integration into the power grids is increasing rapidly. To analyse the effect of charging of EVs on the distribution system, most of the literature considered EV load as constant power load (CPL) which do not represent the exact behaviour of these uncertain loads. An accurate EV load modelling is developed by determining the relationship between power consumption by EV, grid voltage and state of charges of fast charging EV load. The derived relationship is validated by simulating a realistic fast charging system to obtain a battery charging behaviour characteristics and is curve fitted on standard exponential load model. Further the impact of stochastic 24-h load profile of fast charging EVs considering the exponential load model is investigated on IEEE 123 bus distribution system and is compared with the constant impedance-constant currentconstant power (ZIP) load model and CPL model. The stochastic 24-h load is developed using queuing analysis-based method. The results show that the exponential load model is the better representation of fast charging EV load and 10.19% of the reduction in annual energy demand and 11.19% of the reduction in annual energy loss is observed for exponential load model compared to the existing CPL model.

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“…Single-phase or three-phase power converters are usually controlled using pulse-width-modulated (PWM) methods to achieve accurate dc bus voltage regulation, power factor correction, bi-directional power flow and low harmonic distortion of the grid current [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-Limiting Three-Phase Rectifiers

Zhong

Konstantopoulos

2018

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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Abstract-In this paper, a nonlinear controller is proposed for a three-phase rectifier so that its input current does not exceed a given limit. At the same time, the proposed controller can achieve accurate dc output voltage regulation and reactive power control independently from system parameters including the load during the normal operation. Using the generic dq transformation and the nonlinear model of the rectifier, the boundedness and the current-limiting property of the closed-loop system are proven using Lyapunov methods and the input-to-state stability theory. Moreover, an analytic framework for selecting the controller parameters is presented and the current limitation is proven for both the cases with L and LCL filters at the input of the rectifier. Different from existing approaches, the current-limiting property is achieved without external limiters, monitoring devices or switches and is incorporated in the control dynamics, independently from the type of the load (linear or nonlinear). Extensive real-time simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

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Average-Value Model of Electric Vehicle Chargers

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Hosting Capacity of the Power Grid for Renewable Electricity Production and New Large Consumption Equipment

Hosting Capacity of the Power Grid for Renewable Electricity Production and New Large Consumption Equipment

Voltage‐dependent modelling of fast charging electric vehicle load considering battery characteristics

Current-Limiting Three-Phase Rectifiers

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