Average size and zeta potential of nanobubbles in different reagent solutions

Suppressing Fe–Li, Ni–Li Antisite Defects in LiFePO4 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 by Optimized Synthesis Methods

“…With the distance shortened, repulsion becomes stronger and tends to separate the two particles. If the energy overcomes the energy barrier of E 0 , the pair of dispersed particles would interact with each other …”

“…If the energy overcomes the energy barrier of E 0 , the pair of dispersed particles would interact with each other. 25 The view of representative Li 3 PO 4 particles reflects that particles made by stirring and dropping acquire a smaller size (19.4 nm) and zeta potential (−13.1 mV), which tend to merge and grow larger resulting from the weak repulsion force (Figure 4a and Figure S5a, 5b). Its higher conductivity and lower mobility further support that a larger quantity of Li 3 PO 4 particles with smaller size are created, favorable for the collision faction of the particles (Figure S5c, S5d).…”

The effect of preparation time and aeration rate on the properties of bulk micro-nanobubble water using hydrodynamic cavitation

“…To date, only a few methods have been developed for measuring the zeta potential of gas bubbles, but no commercial instrument is available to furnish such information. This is due to the difficulties in introducing gas bubbles into a measuring cell and controlling bubble buoyancy forces [52] . Compared to BNBs, buoyancy significantly affects the electrophoretic velocities of BMBs [53] .…”

Microbubble and nanobubble-based gas flotation for oily wastewater treatment: a review

“…A higher value of absolute ZP indicates that the dispersion or solution is more stable because it has stronger resistance to agglomeration (Shangguan et al 2018). Generally, bubbles are negatively charged in distilled water because of the adsorption of hydroxyl ions (OH − ) at the gas-liquid interface (Bui et al 2019).…”