Average sand particle trajectory examined by the Raindrop Detachment and Wind‐driven Transport (RD‐WDT) process

Erpul, Günay; Gabriëls, Donald; Cornelis, Wim; Samray, H; Guzelordu, T.

doi:10.1002/esp.1814

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Geometric mean particle diameter was 250 μm. Calcium carbonate and organic matter contents were 3.3% and 0%, respectively [36]. The traps were placed horizontally on the x-axis and fixed to a mast at the heights of 0.006, 0.08, 0.155, 0.23 and 0.30 m above the tunnel floor measured from the center of the trap's inlet and at x = 6.74 m, i.e., immediately windward from the sand tray as shown in Fig 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of BEST® Sediment Trap in Splash - Saltation Transport Process by Simultaneous Wind and Rain Tests

et al. 2016

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The research on wind-driven rain (WDR) transport process of the splash-saltation has increased over the last twenty years as wind tunnel experimental studies provide new insights into the mechanisms of simultaneous wind and rain (WDR) transport. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the BEST® sediment traps in catching the sand particles transported through the splash-saltation process under WDR conditions. Experiments were conducted in a wind tunnel rainfall simulator facility with water sprayed through sprinkler nozzles and free-flowing wind at different velocities to simulate the WDR conditions. Not only for vertical sediment distribution, but a series of experimental tests for horizontal distribution of sediments was also performed using BEST® collectors to obtain the actual total sediment mass flow by the splash-saltation in the center of the wind tunnel test section. Total mass transport (kg m-2) were estimated by analytically integrating the exponential functional relationship using the measured sediment amounts at the set trap heights for every run. Results revealed the integrated efficiency of the BEST® traps at 6, 9, 12 and 15 m s-1 wind velocities under 55.8, 50.5, 55.0 and 50.5 mm h-1 rain intensities were, respectively, 83, 106, 105, and 102%. Results as well showed that the efficiencies of BEST® did not change much as compared with those under rainless wind condition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of BEST® Sediment Trap in Splash - Saltation Transport Process by Simultaneous Wind and Rain Tests

et al. 2016

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“…This process basically opens the floodgates to wider and more complex water erosion processes, in which all detached soil particles and small aggregates are transported further by surface runoff. Depending on the soil, rainfall characteristics, and wind, particles can be displaced by more than 5 m in horizontal distance (Erpul et al, 2009). Other authors have concluded that splash processes also depend on the saturation of the upper soil horizon (Ryzak et al, 2015;Zambon et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SfM‐MVS Photogrammetry for Splash Erosion Monitoring under Natural Rainfall

Laburda

Krása

Zumr

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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An understanding of splash erosion is the basis to describe the impact of rain characteristics on soil disturbance. In typical splash cup experiments, splashed soil is collected, filtered, and weighed. As a way to collect additional data, our experiments have been supplemented by a photogrammetric approach. A total of three soils were tested across three sites, one in the Czech Republic and two in Austria, all equipped with rain gauges and disdrometers to measure rainfall parameters. The structure from motion multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetric method was used to measure the raindrops impact on the soil surface. The images were processed using Agisoft PhotoScan, resulting in orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) with a resolution of 0.1 mm/pix. The surface statistics included the mean surface height (whose standard deviation was used as a measure of surface roughness), slope, and other parameters. These parameters were evaluated depending on soil

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“…(, , , , , ), Erpul et al . (, , ) and Cornelis et al . (, ) (since these are referred to frequently in this paper, a single reference term of ‘ICE WDR studies’ is used in the rest of the manuscript).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, works performed in a wind tunnel rainfall simulator at the International Center for Eremology (ICE), Ghent University, Belgium (Gabriels et al, 1997;Cornelis et al, 2004a) on the combined effects of wind and rain had the objectives to understand mechanisms and to develop a process-based erosion model. More information on the wind tunnel studies is given by Erpul (1996Erpul ( , 2001, Erpul et al (1998Erpul et al ( , 2000, Erpul et al (2002Erpul et al ( , 2003aErpul et al ( , 2003bErpul et al ( , 2004aErpul et al ( , 2004bErpul et al ( , 2005, Erpul et al (2008Erpul et al ( , 2009aErpul et al ( , 2009b and Cornelis et al (2004bCornelis et al ( , 2004c) (since these are referred to frequently in this paper, a single reference term of 'ICE WDR studies' is used in the rest of the manuscript). Visser and Cornelis (2004) compiled the papers on 'wind and rain interaction in erosion', and Stroosnijder and Gabriels (2004) highlighted the need for future work on wind and water interaction in erosion models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flux of rain energy based on the normal velocity of raindrop impact (KE rn ) was used as a rainfall parameter to explain the sediment transport by rain‐impacted thin flow (Erpul et al ., ). Including the flux of rain energy based on the along‐surface velocity of raindrop impact (KE rs ) together with KE rn better explained the processes of raindrop detachment and wind‐driven transport (Erpul et al ., , ). The partitioning of the compressive stress and shear stress evaluated by the horizontal and vertical kinetic energy fluxes (KE rs and KE rn , respectively) in the course of raindrop detachment on the cohesionless sand surface resulted in a greater coefficient of determination ( r 2 = 0·89) when compared to using KE r alone ( r 2 = 0·84).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of interrill erosion with wind‐driven rain

Erpul

Gabriëls

Norton

et al. 2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The vector physics of wind‐driven rain (WDR) differs from that of wind‐free rain, and the interrill soil detachment equations in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model were not originally developed to deal with this phenomenon. This article provides an evaluation of the performance of the interrill component of the WEPP model for WDR events. The interrill delivery rates were measured in the wind tunnel facility of the International Center for Eremology (ICE), Ghent University, Belgium with an experimental setup to study different raindrop impact velocity vectors. Synchronized wind and rain simulations with wind velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m s–1 were applied to a test surface placed on windward and leeward slopes of 7, 15 and 20%. Since both rainfall intensity and raindrop impact velocity varied greatly depending on differences in the horizontal wind velocity under WDRs, the resultant kinetic energy flux (KEr, in J m–2 s–1) was initially used in place of the WEPP model intensity term in order to incorporate the effect of wind on impact velocity and frequency of raindrops. However, our results showed only minor improvement in the model predictions. For all research data, the model Coefficients of Determination (r2) were 0·63 and 0·71, when using the WEPP and the KEr approaches, respectively. Alternately, integrating the angle of rain incidence into the model by vectorally partitioning normal kinetic energy flux (KErn, in J m–2 s–1) from the KEr greatly improved the model's ability to estimate the interrill sediment delivery rates (r2 = 0·91). This finding suggested that along with the fall trajectory of wind‐driven raindrops with a given frequency, raindrop velocity and direction at the point of impact onto the soil surface provided sufficient physical information to improve WEPP sediment delivery rate predictions under WDR. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Average sand particle trajectory examined by the Raindrop Detachment and Wind‐driven Transport (RD‐WDT) process

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Potential Use of BEST® Sediment Trap in Splash - Saltation Transport Process by Simultaneous Wind and Rain Tests

Potential Use of BEST® Sediment Trap in Splash - Saltation Transport Process by Simultaneous Wind and Rain Tests

SfM‐MVS Photogrammetry for Splash Erosion Monitoring under Natural Rainfall

Mechanics of interrill erosion with wind‐driven rain

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