Average N02 concentrations in dwellings with gas or electric stoves

Palmes, E. D.; Tomczyk, C.; DiMattio, Joseph

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(77)90061-0

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Löfroth (1993) determined that moderate to substantial differences in concentrations of SHS pollutants can occur between rooms of smoking households when interior doors are left open. Field studies of combustion air pollutants in homes containing gas stoves or heaters have shown that air pollutant concentrations can vary significantly among rooms (Palmes et al, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Klepeis

Nazaroff

2006

Atmospheric Environment

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We apply a simulation model to explore the effect of a house's multicompartment character on a nonsmoker's inhalation exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS). The model tracks the minute-by-minute movement of people and pollutants among multiple zones of a residence and generates SHS pollutant profiles for each room in response to room-specific smoking patterns. In applying the model, we consider SHS emissions of airborne particles, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in two hypothetical houses, one with a typical 4-room layout and one dominated by a single large space. We use scripted patterns of room-to-room occupant movement and a cohort of 5,000 activity patterns sampled from a US nationwide survey. The results for scripted and cohort simulation trials indicate that the multicompartment nature of homes, manifested as inter-room differences in pollutant levels and the movement of people among zones, can cause substantial variation in nonsmoker SHS exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Klepeis

Nazaroff

2006

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The samplers were set up vertically on the middle of the tube from which the nest boxes were hung, allowing air to circulate freely around them. Passive samplers (Palmes et al, 1977) are calibrated tubes, 7 cm long, with an inside diameter of 1 cm, in which gases move only by molecular diffusion (Gradko International, Winchester, Great Britain). A triethanolamine solution, which was deposited on the grid at one end of the tube, fixed the NO 2 .…”

Section: No 2 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Element Analysis of Blood Samples in a Passerine Species: Excesses and Deficiencies of Trace Elements in an Urbanization Study

et al. 2017

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Urbanization is a growing phenomenon characterized by a complete restructuring of natural areas. In urban bird populations, a reduced offspring survival and body condition and an overall lower breeding success are often observed compared to populations inhabiting more natural habitats. Higher pollution levels and poorer quality of natural resources in cities are two environmental factors frequently mentioned in the literature to explain the differences between urban and non-urban populations. Pollution and poor quality of food may lead to an excess of non-essential elements such as Pb or Cd or to deficiencies of essential elements such as Cu or Zn, which may explain some of the impacts, notably on immunity, observed in urbanization studies. The present study compared the breeding parameters, brood body mass and condition, and haptoglobin levels, a marker of inflammatory immunity, in two urban and two forest populations of Great tits in Eastern France, together with a multi-element analysis (25 non-essential and essential trace elements) of blood samples from 13-day-old nestlings from the four populations. The concentration of NO 2 , a gaseous pollutant typical of urban pollution, was also measured. The NO 2 concentrations were significantly higher in the urban areas, but no association with biological variables was detected. Non-essential metals were undetectable in the plasma of the birds from both habitats, except Pb, whose concentrations, however, did not differ between the urban and forest birds. A positive relationship was found between the plasmatic richness in essential elements (as assessed from the coordinates of the first axis of a PCA including 12 elements) and the average brood body mass and condition. We suggest that lower quality resources or/and a higher metabolic demand may be a causal mechanism for the reduced body condition often observed in urban bird nestlings. Finally, our exploratory study could promote more mechanistic experiments (e.g., supplementation) to explain the negative effect of urban conditions on bird populations.

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“…However, as the convenience and safety of induction cooktops are becoming more widely known, domestic induction cooktops are expanding their market share. A number of studies have shown that induction cooktops give better performance in terms of thermal efficiency [1], emit fewer air pollutants, and greatly enhance public convenience compared to gas stoves [2][3][4][5]. Induction cooktops have therefore been bought for both existing apartments, where they replace gas stoves, and newly built apartments in Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, no harmful gases are emitted in the house, so it is more convenient to cook the food [3]. Second, it is difficult to clean the pot stand of a stove, but an induction cooktop is easy to clean because the food does not burn or stick even if it spills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, information is needed about the convenience and safety benefits of induction cooktops over gas stoves so that policymakers can more accurately predict the demand for electricity. There are some studies in the literature that evaluate the efficiency and safety features of induction cooktops and gas stoves [1][2][3][4][5]11,13,14]. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been little investigation into the convenience and safety benefits of domestic induction cooktops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Korean Households Willing to Pay a Premium for Induction Cooktops over Gas Stoves?

2017

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Korean households generally prefer to use induction cooktops rather than gas stoves because of their greater convenience and safety features. This paper tries to investigate whether Korean households are willing to pay a premium for replacing their gas stoves, which are currently common in Korea, with induction cooktops, from the perspective of convenience and safety. To this end, a contingent valuation technique was applied to assess the additional willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for using an induction cooktop rather than a gas stove. A nationwide survey of 1000 households was carried out. The results indicate that the mean additional WTP for using an induction cooktop rather than a gas stove is KRW 207 (USD 0.19) per cubic meter of residential gas. This value can be interpreted as the convenience and safety benefits to the consumer of using an induction cooktop rather than a gas stove, or residential electricity rather than residential gas for cooking. It amounts to approximately 26.7% of the average 2015 price of residential gas, which was KRW 775 (USD 0.70) per cubic meter. If the gap between the price for residential electricity and the price for residential gas is less than the WTP value, households will increase their demand for residential electricity for cooking.

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Average N02 concentrations in dwellings with gas or electric stoves

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

Multi-Element Analysis of Blood Samples in a Passerine Species: Excesses and Deficiencies of Trace Elements in an Urbanization Study

Are Korean Households Willing to Pay a Premium for Induction Cooktops over Gas Stoves?

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