Average mass concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in Erzurum urban atmosphere, Turkey

Abstract

In this study, particulate matters (TSP, PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 ) which are hazardous for environment and human health were investigated in Erzurum urban atmosphere at a sampling point from February 2005 to February 2006. During sampling, two low volume samplers were used and each sampling period lasted approximately 24 h. In order for detection of representative sampling region and point of Erzurum, Kriging method was applied to the black smoke concentration data for winter seasons. Mass concentrations of TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 of Erzurum urban atmosphere were measured on average, as 129, 31 and 13 lg/m 3 , respectively, in the sampling period. Meteorological factors, such as temperature, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall were typically found to be affecting PMs, especially PM 2.5 . Air temperature did not seem to be significantly affecting TSP and PM 10 mass concentrations, but had a considerably negative induction on PM 2.5 mass concentrations. However, combustion sourced PM 2.5 was usually diluted from the urban atmosphere by the speed of wind, soil sourced coarse mode particle concentrations (TSP, PM 10 ) were slightly affected by the speed of wind. Rainfall was found to be decreasing concentrations to 48% in all fractions (TSP, PM 10 , PM 10-2.5 , PM 2.5 ) and played an important role on dilution of the atmosphere. Fine mode fraction of PM (PM 2.5 ) showed significant daily and seasonal variations on mass concentrations. On the other hand, coarse mode fractions (TSP, PM 10 and PM 10-2.5 ) revealed more steady variations. It was observed that fine mode fraction variations were affected by the heating in residences during winter seasons.

Estimation of Citywide Air Pollution in Beijing

“…As in many big cities worldwide, air pollution is a major concern for city residents. Particulate matter (PM) is the air pollutant that most commonly affects people’s health, where PM 10 and PM 2.5 are the two main PM pollutants, i.e., PM consisting of particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 µm and ≤2.5 µm, respectively [1], [2]. The sources of PM10 consist of smoke, dirt and dust from factories, farming and roads, as well as mold, spores, and pollen.…”

Determination of air quality zones in Turkey

“…Erzurum is one of the polluted cities located in the eastern part of Turkey. In the literature, the cause of frequent episodes of high atmospheric pollution in Erzurum during the cold period was attributed to unfavorable topographical and meteorological conditions (Bayraktar et al, 2010;Ozden et al, 2005;Turalioglu, 2005), whereas in the summer season, PM pollution was attributed to traffic and soil sources (Bayraktar et al, 2010).…”

Urban aerosol particulates on Hong Kong roadsides: size distribution and concentration levels with time

“…In urban areas, vehicular traffic is the major source of particulate matter, especially particles less than 10 lm in diameter, which may get inhaled and cause harmful effects to human beings (Burnett et al 1999;Bayraktar et al 2010;Chan and Ning 2005). Various approaches, such as computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) (Lu et al 1997;Cheng and Hu 2005) and statistical model (Kalpasanov and Kurchatova 1976;Kottegoda and Rosso 1998), have been applied to study particulate emission phenomena.…”