Avascular Necrosis of the Foot and Ankle

Percutaneous Drilling for Early-Stage Osteonecrosis About the Ankle

“…At the ankle, lesions are most commonly localized in the distal part of the tibia and/ or the talus. The treatment options for osteonecrosis range from joint-preserving procedures (such as core decompression and vascularized and nonvascularized bone-grafting) for lesions that do not include subchondral fracture to non-joint-preserving procedures (such as arthrodesis, talectomy, and ankle arthroplasty) for lesions with a subchondral fracture and subsequent arthritis [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] .…”