Avaliação neuropsicológica do processo de tomada de decisões em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Objective: Nowadays there has been growing interest in the "hot" aspects of the executive functions related to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), in particular in the affective decision-making process in children and adolescents. We reviewed the available literature about the evaluation of decision making in children and adolescents. Method: We searched for papers published from 2000 to 2009 that studied children and/or adolescents until the age of 16 in the Lilacs and PubMed index. The papers were analyzed according to the paradigms used in the studies, the conclusions about the development of the decision-making process, and the ability to distinguish between the clinical population and the controls. Results: Thirty-six papers were selected. Compared to the amount of studies of adults, there are still few studies focusing on children and adolescents. Several versions derived from the IGT were developed in order to study decision-making processes in children and adolescents. Discussion: The IGT is the most used instrument. In preschoolers, simplified versions have been used with greater frequency. The different paradigms are useful in differentiating between normal and psychiatric disorder patients. The results are positively and significantly related to the frequency of impulsive behaviors in nonclinical populations. FG, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2011;38(3):106-15 Keywords: Decision-making, Iowa Gambling Task, executive functions, cognitive development. Mata ResumoObjetivo: Atualmente, tem havido um interesse crescente nos aspectos "quentes" das funções executivas relacionados ao córtex orbitofrontal, em particular na tomada de decisão afetiva em crianças e adolescentes. Revisamos a literatura sobre a avaliação da tomada de decisão em crianças e adolescentes utilizando o paradigma do Iowa Gambling Task e derivados. Método: Pesquisamos artigos publicados de 2000 a 2009, indexados no Lilacs e no PubMed e que estudaram crianças e/ou adolescentes até 16 anos. Os artigos foram analisados de acordo com os paradigmas utilizados nos estudos, as conclusões sobre o desenvolvimento no processo de tomada de decisão e a capacidade de distinção entre a população clínica e os controles. Resultados: Trinta e seis artigos foram selecionados. Os estudos envolvendo crianças e adolescentes ainda são poucos quando comparados àqueles realizados com população adulta. Foram desenvolvidas diversas versões derivadas do paradigma IGT a fim de estudar a tomada de decisão em crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão: O IGT é o instrumento mais utilizado. Em pré-escolares, versões simplificadas têm sido utilizadas com maior frequência. Os diferentes paradigmas se mostram úteis na diferenciação entre sujeitos normais e com transtornos psiquiátricos. Os resultados se relacionam de forma positiva e significativa com a frequência de comportamentos impulsivos em populações não clínicas. FG, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2011;38(3):106-15 Palavras-chave: Tomada de decisão, Iowa Gambling Task, funções executivas, desenvolvimento cognitivo. Mata

Repetition and variation in motor practice: A review of neural correlates

“…Next, a description of the studies and results was constructed. Finally, the results were interpreted, and a final report was compiled (Mata et al, 2011;Whittemore and Knafl, 2005).…”

Review of Decision-Making in Game Tasks in Elderly Participants with Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

“…DM consists of the process of choosing between two or more competing alternatives that require a cost-benefit analysis of each option and the estimated consequences in the short, medium and long term [2]. It is influenced by several factors such as adaptive strategies, personal preferences, reward evaluation, and conditioning.…”

Executive Functions in Children Who Experience Bullying Situations

“…Affective decision-making seems to be related to the presence of various psychopathological conditions such as ADHD; autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse such as alcohol and/or cigarettes; conduct disorders; schizophrenia, as well as behavioral problems such as high disinhibition, self-harm, and aggressive behavior (Best et al, 2002; Ernst et al, 2003, 2010; Verdejo-García et al, 2006; Suhr and Tsanadis, 2007; DeVito et al, 2008; Fairchild et al, 2009; Herrera, 2011; Mata et al, 2011; Sallum et al, 2013). Bullies often have alterations in behavior, therefore, the possibility that decision-making may also be impaired in these individuals cannot be ruled out.…”