Avaliação da relação entre parasitoses intestinais e fatores de risco para o HIV em pacientes com AIDS

Abstract

We conducted a cohort survey on 200 AIDS patients in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, to verify if the presence of enteroparasites is associated with the various risk factors for HIV infection. Diarrhea was significantly more frequent in the group of patients presenting enteroparasitosis (p < 0.00001). Giardia lamblia, found in 32 (16%) cases, was the most prevalent parasite. The presence of parasites in the stool samples was not significantly associated with risk factors for HIV infection, mainly when considering Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum (p = 0.99 and 0.69, respectively). The controversy found in the literature indicates that additional studies should be done in the different geographical regions of the country.

Enteric parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients before and after the highly active antiretroviral therapy

“…In a single case of isosporiasis found in Group 2, the patient had not used this medication around the time of the FPE. A low prevalence of Isospora belli has also been demonstrated by other authors who attribute the finding to the broad utilization of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim by the patients [1,4,8]. In evaluating the use of drugs that could exert an effect on enteroparasites, we observed that of the 75 patients with negative FPE, 40 (53.33%) utilized medication with antihelminthic or antiprotozoal activity up to one month before the FPE, while among the 24 patients with positive FPE, only two utilized this type of medication, albeit at doses below those recommended; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) ( Table 4).…”

“…Since the discovery of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), many studies demonstrated that intestinal parasites were frequently associated with pictures of severe diarrhea in patients with HIV, in developed as well as developing countries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Enteroparasites such as Cryptosporidium sp., Isospora belli and Strongyloides stercoralis, among others, are related to gastrointestinal changes among patients with the virus, some occurring with an elevated prevalence in these patients in the years preceding the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [8][9][10].…”

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

“…Since the emergence of AIDS, clinical alterations related to the gastrointestinal tract have been highly prevalent, of which diarrheic conditions associated to parasitic infections are noteworthy (2). Many studies have shown that some intestinal parasites were frequently associated with severe diarrhea in HIV patients, both in developed and developing countries (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Socioeconomic and cultural factors have carefully been studied for the impact that they may have on the onset of enteroparasitosis in general and in HIV-infected patients (9).…”

Etiological agents of diarrhea in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus-1: a review

“…Intestinal pathogen infection, which is also one of the basic health problems in tropical regions, is common in these patients 55 . Among the possible clinical manifestations of AIDS, diarrhea represents a great concern 20 as this group is susceptible to both classic pathogens and different opportunistic agents [16][17][18]61,65 malnutrition and, ultimately, death may be associated to these co-infections 92 . Furthermore, aggravating this condition, antibacterial chemoprophylaxis, commonly prescribed to this group of patients, causes severe damage to gastrointestinal flora 72 .…”