Avaliação da implementação da pesquisa de anticorpos irregulares com hemácias tratadas com enzima nos exames pré-transfusionais de pacientes com neoplasia maligna de mama do Instituto Nacional do Câncer

Abstract

The alloimmunization from erythrocyte antigens usually happens from previous pregnancies or transfusions and becomes a frequent problem among patients undergoing transfusion, even among those transfused sporadically, as in the cases of patients with breast cancer. The detection of irregular antibodies should be performed with sensitive technique capable of detecting the most clinically relevant antibodies. The failure of detecting an alloantibody can provoke acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction of varying intensity that can further worsen the clinical condition of the recipient. Currently in the Cancer Hospital III, irregular antibody detection is performed in the gel-test technique at the stage of human antiglobulin. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of enzymatic technique implementation in irregular antibody screening (PAI) in the pre-transfusion routine in association with the technique used in routine, and study the alloimmunization profile in patients with breast cancer treated in this service. Between June 2015 and May 2016 XXX blood samples (serum? Plasma?) Of patients with breast cancer collected for pre-transfusion tests were submitted to the P.A.I methodologies Liss \ AGH and NaCl \ enzyme. When P.A.I resulted positive, identification of the antibody was carried out using the corresponding technique. The frequency of alloimmunization found by the technique Liss / AGH was 1.86% (8/429), whereas the enzymatic technique revealed an alloimmunization rate of 7.6% (32/421) and association of the results of both techniques was 9.32% (40/429). As found in literature, the antibodies of the Rh systems were the most frequent. The institutional routine presented anti-D as prevalent in 5 samples (41.6%), followed by anti-E 2 (16.6%) 2 Anti-C (16.6%) 1 Anti-Lea (8, 4%), anti-Jka 1 (8.4%) and anti-S 1 (8.40). While in enzyme technique, Anti-E was the most predominant in 13 samples (35%), followed by 9 (24%) hot public autoantibodies 7 Anti-Lea (19%) 4 Anti-D (11%), 1 Anti-C (2.75%), Anti-Cw 1 (2.75%) 1 Anti-K (2.75%) and Anti Day 1 (2.75%). To compare alloimmunization profile proportions of these patients, the Chi-square test and test G were used, with p <0.10 considered significant. Significant differences were observed between alloimmunized and not alloimmunized as ethnicity, RhD classification, transfusional historic and time of incidence of alloantibodies. We note that alloimmunization is not correlated to the number of red cell concentrate transfusions in the institution but by transfusional historic. Past transfusions have been identified in 27.5% of alloimmunized and 14% of non-alloimmunized (p) = 0.0398 patients. The prevalence of RhD positive was observed in both groups alloimmunized and non-alloimmunized with 75% and 90%, respectively (p) = 0.0147. According to the estimated time for the generation of alloantibodies, all isoimmunized (100%) had