Avaliação da higiene bucal de crianças com deficiência mental

Abstract

Objective: To identify factors associated with the quality of oral hygiene in children with mental disabilities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 181 mentally disabled children aged three to 12 years and their mothers. The study was conducted in two public hospitals of medical care for special children in the city of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The children were examined on the quality of oral hygiene and presence of caries lesions. The examiner was previously calibrated and were obtained kappa values of 0.90 to 0.87 for tooth decay and oral hygiene. The mothers answered a questionnaire addressing individual characteristics, behavioral and medical history of children. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UFMG. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression, considered to be a significant 90.0%. Results: Most of the children had mild intellectual disability (56.4%) and 43.6% had moderate mental disability. The quality of oral hygiene was considered adequate in 84.0% of children. A total of 172 mothers said that her son's teeth were brushed daily (95.0%). Among them, the majority reported difficulties in this task (53.0%). Those children diagnosed with mild intellectual disability {OR=2.82 [90% CI (1.15 to 6.86)]} and the absence of decay {OR=7.68 [90% CI (3:03 to 19:45)]} were more likely they belong to the group of children identified with an adequate oral hygiene. Conclusion:The quality of oral hygiene was associated with tooth decay and the degree of mental disability of children.

Assessing a possible vulnerability to dental caries in individuals with rare genetic diseases that affect the skeletal development

“…The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) was used to evaluate oral hygiene and was scored as follows: 0 = Absence of dental plaque/dental calculus; 1 = little dental plaque/dental calculus, less than 1/3 of dental surface covered; 2 = dental plaque / dental calculus covering more than 1/3 and less than 2/3 of the dental surface; and 3 = dental plaque/dental calculus covering more than 2/3 of dental surface. Plaque and dental calculus were evaluated separately [17, 21, 30]. The final result of the OHI-S was obtained from the sum of the codes divided by the total number of teeth examined and classified as satisfactory (0 to 1), fair (1.1 to 2), deficient (2.1 to 3) or poor (≥3.1).…”

“…Moreover, studies have suggested that access to dental services is more difficult for individuals with special needs [9, 10, 17–20]. The difficulty in adequately performing oral hygiene due to the limitations imposed by disease and a lack of information on the part of parents or caregivers about the importance of oral health care can place individuals with special needs in a vulnerable position with regard to dental caries [10, 12, 13, 15, 18–21].…”

“…In the present study, vulnerability is approached from the perspective of the expanded concept of health, exploring the more complex factors of biopsychosocial frailty that expose individuals with rare diseases to dental caries. The investigation of vulnerability provides more integrated means of assessing dental care needs taking into account the abstract and subjective elements associated with the process of becoming ill [4, 21, 23].…”

Oral health-related quality of life of young people with mucopolysaccharidosis: a paired cross-sectional study

“…25 Cognitive impairment can also exert a negative impact on OHRQoL by limiting one's independence with regards to oral hygiene, which, when neglected, can lead to consequences such as periodontal disease and dental caries. 11,13,14,15,16,17,23 In the present study, only malocclusion exerted a significant negative impact on the OHRQoL of the individuals with MPS, as evidenced by the total P-CPQ score and scores on the oral symptoms, functional limitations and wellbeing domains. Malocclusion may be due to the skeletal and joint abnormalities these individuals have due to the deposition of GAGs in the head and neck region.…”

“…Each surface receives a code ranging from zero to three based on the amount of calculus and bacterial plaque. 22,23 Malocclusion was recorded based on Oliveira et al 24 and the WHO criteria: 21 horizontal overjet (increased/ diminished, negative/anterior crossbite), vertical overjet/overbite (increased/deep bite, diminished, negative, top-to-top) and posterior crossbite. When at least one condition was diagnosed, the subject was classified as having an occlusal problem resulting from an abnormal vertical or transverse occlusion.…”